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环球网校率先发布2012年职称英语考试试题及答案-综合类C级词汇部分(试卷代码31)
•环球网校2012年职称英语考试押中45分原题 •环球么建华教授独家解析2012年职称英语考试
The Changing Middle Class
The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges.1 It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing，more and more people owned their own homes，workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them，and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one. Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility. They may have started out poor，but they could become rich. Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility. In other words，they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places.
The middle class collectively holds several values and principles. One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine one’s own economic fate. In addition，middle class morality embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of family, obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneself. 2
But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success. A U. S.News & World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet 3. Both spouses now worked，as did some of thechildren; long commutes became routine; the need for child care put strains on4 the family; and public schools were not as good as they once were. Members of the middle cIass were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat. The understanding ofjust what middle class meant was changing.
词汇：
designation /dezig’nei??n/ n. 称号 commute /k?’mju:t/ n. 上下班路程
mobility /m?u’bil?ti/ n. 流动性
注释：
1. However，middle c1ass is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges. 然而，中产阶级既不是一个真实的称号，也不会带来特别待遇。
2. In addition，middle-c1ass morality embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of family，obligations to others，and believing in something outside onesèlf. 另外，中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。
3. make ends meet：收支相抵，维持生活
4. put strains on：带来压力
练习：
1. The information in this passage deals with_______.
A) an individual
B) a social and economic group
C) a political organization
D) government
2. A common middle class value is that________.
A) people should always have fun
B) children should be seen and not heard
C) debt is nothing to worry about
D) the family is very important
3. ln the years after World War II，the middle class could be defined as_______.
A) overburdened and in debt
B) hard working and suspicious
C) prosperous and optimistic
D) young and foolish
4. The phrase "In other words" in the first paragraph means that the following statement is_____.
A) an exception to the previous idea
B) a denial of the previous idea
C) a restatement of the previous idea
D) a contrasting idea
5. The word collectively means______.
A) as a group
B) hesitatingly
C) unknowingly
D) weakly
答案与题解：
1. B 本题的问题是：本文的信息是关于?本文通篇讲述美国的中产阶级，指的是社会和经济群体，因此选择B。
2. D本题的问题是：一个普遍的中产阶级价值观是?本篇第二段最后一句话讲到，"中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物"。A、B、C三个选项不包括在内，因此正确答案是D。
3. C 本题的问题是：在二战之后的几年，中产阶级可以被定义为，本篇第一段提到了当时美国经济不断增长并且人们生活水平有了提高，因此选择C选项，繁荣并且乐观。
4. C 本题的问题是：第一段中的"ln other words"这个短语与下列说法一致的是，"In other words"汉语意思是换句话来说，因此正确答案是C。
5. A 本题的问题是：单词"collectively"的汉语意思是"相同地"，选择A。
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Puerto Rican Cuisine(菜肴)
Puerto Rico, a Caribbean (加勒比海区) island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty, has a cuisine all its own. Immigration(移民) to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to it. However, before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico. Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents (啮齿动物), fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.
Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves. Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes. The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep to the island. Africans also added to the island's food culture by introducing powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes. In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous for - coffee, coconuts, and oranges - was actually imported by foreigners to the island.
A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的). lt's true that chili peppers are popular; aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy. However, milder(微辣的) tastes are popular too, such as sofrito. As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes, sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, and a handful of other spices. It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.
36、who lived in Puerto Rico first
A.the Africans
B.the Spanish
C.the Americans
D.the Taino people
【参考答案】：D
37、In the first paragraph the word “it” refers to
A.immigration
B.Caribbean history
C.the island’s natural beauty
D.Puerto Rican cuisine
【参考答案】：D
38、what is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A.Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking
B.Food imported by foreigners isn’t really Puerto Rican
C.Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences
D.African foods have probably had the most influence
【参考答案】：C
39、How is sofrito used?
A.It is eaten before meals
B.It is added to other dishes
C.It is used where foods are too spicy
D.It is eaten as a main dish
【参考答案】：B
40、 which of the following is NOT true?
A.softito is a type of extremely spicy food
B.Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicy
C.Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers
D.Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper
【参考答案】：A
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The Changing Middle Class
The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges(特权). It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing，more and more people owned their own homes，workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them，and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one. Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility. They may have started out poor，but they could become rich. Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility. In other words，they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places.
The middle class collectively holds several values and principles. One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine one’s own economic fate. In addition, middle-class morality(道德观) embraces principles of individual responsibility, importance of family, obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneself.
But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success. A U. S. News & World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet . Both spouses now worked, as did some of the children; long commutes became routine; the need for child care put strains on the family; and public schools were not as good as they once were. Members of the middle class were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat. The understanding of just what middle class meant was changing.
41. This passage gives information about
A. a social and economic group.
B. an individual.
C. a political organization.
D. a government department.
【参考答案】：A
42. In the years after World War II, the middle class were
A. overburdened and in debt.
B. hard working and doubtful.
C. happy and full of hope.
D. young and upset.
【参考答案】：C
43. One important middle-class value is that
A. people should always have fun.
B. children should believe in themselves.
C. debt is nothing to worry about.
D. they should earn enough to finance their lifestyles.
【参考答案】：D
44. In the second paragraph, the word "collectively' means
A. hesitatingly.
B. unknowingly.
C. weakly.
D. commonly.
【参考答案】：D
45. The 1994 survey showed most Americans thought the middle class
A. took pleasure in raising children.
B. had a regular journey to work.
C. could not earn enough money to maintain their lifestyles.
D. could easily maintain their lifestyles.
【参考答案】：C
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