2014年职称英语考试卫生类概括大意练习3

　　Organic Food: Why?

　　1 Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. So what is the attraction of organic food for some people? The really important thing is that organic sounds more “natural” Eating organic is a way of defining oneself as natural, good, caring, different from the junk-food-eating masses.

　　2 Unlike conventional farming, the organic approach means farming with natural, rather than man-made, fertilisers and pesticides. Techniques such as crop rotation (轮种) improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals. As a method of food production, organic is, however, inefficient in its use of labour and land; there are severe limits to how much food can be produced. Also, the environmental benefits of not using artificial fertilisers are tiny compared with the amount of carbon dioxide emitted (排放) by transporting food.

　　3 Organic farming is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim. An extensive review by the UK Food Standards Agency found that there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional crops. Even where results indicated there was evidence of a difference, the reviewers found no sign that these differences would have any noticeable effect on health.

　　4 The simplistic claim that organic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always likely to be misleading. Food is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons, including freshness, the way the food is cooked, the type of soil it is grown in. the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received, and so on. Likewise, the flavour of a carrot has less to do with whether it was fertilised with manure (粪便) or something out of a plastic sack than with the variety of carrot and how long ago it was dug up.

　　5 The notion that organic food is safer than “normal” food is also contradicted by the fact that many of our most common foods are full of natural toxins (毒素). As one research expert says: “People think that the more natural something is, the better it is for them. That is simply not the case. In fact, it is the opposite that is true: the closer a plant is to its natural state, the more likely it is that it will poison you. Naturally, many plants do not want to be eaten, so we have spent 10,000 years developing agriculture and breeding out harmful traits from crops”

　　23 Paragraph 1________

　　24 Paragraph 2________

　　25 Paragraph 3________

　　26 Paragraph 4________

　　A Research into whether organic food is better

　　B Description of organic farming

　　D Necessity to remove hidden dangers from food

　　C Factors that affect food health value

　　E Main reason for the popularity of organic food

　　F Testing the taste of organic food

　　27 Techniques of organic farming help ___.

　　28 There is no convincing evidence to ___.

　　29 The weather conditions during the growth of crops ___.

　　30 The closer a plant is to its natural state, the less suitable it is to ___.

　　A affect their nutritional content

　　B be specially trained

　　C improve soil quality

　　D be eaten

　　E. show that organic crops are safer than conventional ones

　　F poison you

　　答案：

　　23 E 第一段第一句讲欧洲目前是最大的提供有机食物的市场，其余各句都是在讲为什么有机食物如此吸引人，因为它是天然的食物，所以本段主要讲的是有机食物受欢迎的原因。答案是E。

　　24 B 本段第一句讲有机农业不同于传统农业因为它是自然的不是人工的，第二句讲一些技术比如轮种可以提高土地质量弥补缺乏人工化学药物的缺陷，第三句讲有机农业在人力、土地的使用效率，粮食产量上存在局限，最后一句讲有机农业中不使用人工化肥所带来的环境效益很小，所以本段主要是对有机农业的相关描述。答案是B。

　　25 A 本段第一、二句话讲经常有人称有机农业比传统农业更安全，但对有机农业的研究却拒绝这种说法。本段其余各句在讲一项研究发现有机的和无机的农作物并没有太大差别，仅有的差别也没有发现对健康有很大影响，所以本段主要讲对有机食物是否要更好研究。答案是A。

　　26 C 本段第一句话讲简单地说有机食物更健康是有误导性的，第二句讲不同食物的营养价值因受到不同因素的影响而不同，比如土地类型、烹饪方式等，第三句话讲庄稼的口味与它是否施肥等因素无关，所以本段是在讲影响食物营养价值的因素。

　　27 C 第二段第二句话提到“Techniques such as crop rotation(轮种)improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals”，说明一些技术比如轮种可以提高土地质量并帮助农民弥补缺乏人工化学药物的缺陷，所以答案是C。

　　28 E 第三段第一、二句话提到“Organic farming is often claimed to be safer than convention- al farming. Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim”，意思是“经常有人称有机农业比传统农业更安全，但对有机农业全世界的研究却一直拒绝这种说法”，所以答案是B。

　　29 A 第四段第二句话提到“Food is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons, including freshness, the way the food is cooked, the type of soil it is grown in, the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received, and so on”，说明“食物是天然的产物，不同食物的营养价值因受到不同因素的影响而不同，包括新鲜度，食物的烹饪方式，生长的土地类型，太阳光照，吸收的雨水量等”，所以答案是A。

　　30 D 第五段第四句提到“In fact, it is the opposite that is true: the closer a plant is to its natural state, the more likely it is that it will poison you”，说明事实上，一种植物越接近它的自然状态，它就越有可能让你中毒，所以答案是D。