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点击进入：2014年职称英语理工类冲刺练习题汇总
第一部分 词汇选项
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1、The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.
A.force
B.influence
C.surprise
D.power
2、Can you follow the plot?
A.change
B.investigate
C.write
D.understand
3、Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.
A.physical
B.mental
C.natural
D.hard
4、In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.
A.result
B.judgment
C.decision
D.event
5、Norman B amey,is an artist of deep convictions.
A.statements
B.beliefs
C.suggestions
D.claims
6、Up to now, the work has been easy.
A.So
B.So long
C.So that
D.So far
7、The report advocated setting up day training colleges.
A.supposed
B.excited
C.suggested
D.discussed
8、Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.
A.Therefore
B.Afterwards
C.However
D.Furthermore
9、The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.
A.view
B.sight
C.look
D.point
10、Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.
A.tensely
B.nearly
C.carefully
D.closely
11、The union representative put across her argument very effectively.
A.explained
B.invented
C.considered
D.accepted
12、He talks tough but has a tender heart.
A.heavy
B.strong
C.kind
D.wild
13、It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.
A.making
B.taking
C.discussing
D.expecting
14、Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing..
A.waste
B.buy
C.use
D.sell
15、The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.
A.function
B.ability
C.power
D.volume
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Computers
Before the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a company's activities. The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used. Today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments. In place of a few financial controls, managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area of their company. On any kinds of performance measures, the information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes.
The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply changed management control in many companies. Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computers to control sales, billing, and other activities. In large companies, electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations.
Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States ―― one for every 10 citizens. It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station. In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information they are receiving is accurate, they need to understand how computers work. However, in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computers. Rather, managers should understand how computerized information systems work; how they are developed; their limitations and costs; and the manner in which information systems may be used. Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve.
One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.
16 Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shop
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 One thing that managers do not have to understand is how computers work.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 Computerized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.
1. Children enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them. These sounds are called echoes (回声). Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.
2. Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor. Sounds or ultrasonic (超声的) sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships. Sometimes echoes from ultrasonic distance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past or by the presence of large objects. So ultrasonic devices have been replaced by other tools.
3. Radar is now a familiar tool. Like many others it was an unexpected discovery. It was first observed by two researchers, who were studying sound communication. They were sending signals from a station on one side of a river in Washington,
D IC. to a vehicle across the river. They discovered that their signals were stopped by passing ships. They recognized the importance of this discovery at once.
4. All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed. The word "radar," in fact, gets its name from the term "radio detection (检测) and ranging." "Ranging" is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set. Today, in our scientific age, it would be difficult to manage without radar.
5. One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways. When a person in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit, radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can take measures to stop him.
6. A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone. Many conditions such as flying at night and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar. Human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving.
23 Paragraph 2__________.
24 Paragraph 3__________.
25 Paragraph 4__________.
26 Paragraph 5__________.
A Study of Sound
B Highway Police
C Working Principles
D Early Use of "Radar"
E Useful Tools
F Discovery by Chance
27 Echo-sounding devices were early used to__________.
28 Ultrasonic device were used to__________.
29 Police use radar on highways to__________.
30 Radar helps pilots to__________.
A detect nearby objects
B determine the depth of the ocean water
C decide how fast you drive
D stop passing ships
E map the ocean floor
F observe water flow
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
Ocean Noise Pollution
Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.
The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.
Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred-twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one-hundred ninety-five would have the same effect.
Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels in. oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales (鲸鱼).
A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed (出血) and become infected (感染).
Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels. They say such a limit is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.
31 According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?
A The sound of a car.
B The sound of voices.
C Man-made noise pollution.
D The sound of steps.
32 According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT__________.
A sounds made by animals themselves.
B ocean drilling.
C underwater earthquakes.
D the breaking of ice fields.,
33 Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?
A The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.
B Different places may have different types of noises.
C The decibel is not a suitable unit for measuring underwater noise.
D Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.
34 Which of the following is true of whales?
A They won't be confused by noises.
B They are deaf to noises.
C Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises.
D Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises.
35 According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?
A They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.
B They will protect animals from harmful noises.
C They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.
D They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.
第二篇
Lifetime Employment in Japanese Companies
In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment. What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire. In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work. Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.
One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it. By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future. It is not surprising that devotion to one's company is considered a great virtue in Japan. A man is often prepared to put his firm's interests before those of his immediate family.
The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work. They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career. This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time. They can afford to, take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts.
This marriage between the employee and the company - the consequence of lifetime employment - may explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.
36 Lifetime employment in the Japanese company means that the employee__________.
A leaves his company only when business is bad.
B gets a job soon after he leaves school or university.
C can work there throughout his career,
D can have his serious mistakes in work corrected.
37 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A Family and company interests are equally important
B The Japanese worker is very loyal to his company.
C One's future is guaranteed through hard work.
D Devotion to one's company is encouraged……
38 Lifetime employment influences one's__________.
A achievements at work.
B performance at work.
C career options.
D attitude toward work.
39 The Japanese worker is fond of his company's products because of__________.
A his marriage with the daughter of the president.
B the close link between him and his company.
C his willingness to work overtime.
D his active participation in quality control,
40 The passage mainly discusses__________.
A how lifetime employment works in Japan.
B what benefits lifetime employment has brought to Japanese workers.
C what lifetime employment is.
D how lifetime employment is viewed.
第三篇
Dreams of Flight
The story of man's dream of flight, of his desire to reach the stars, is as old as mankind itself. According to Greek legend, Daedalus was the first man to fly. He and his son had been kept on an island. In order to escape, Daedalus shaped wings of wax (2) into which he stuck bird feathers. During their flight, his son flew too high and the sun melted the wax. He was drowned in the sea. The father was supposed to have continued his flight and reached Sicily, several hundred miles away.
There is also an English legend of King Bladud who, during his rule in the ninth century B.C., used wings to fly. But his flight was short-lived and he fell to his death. The dream of flying continued, but in all the legends, the flier rose like a bird only to fall like a stone. It took hundreds of years that men flew up into the air and returned to earth safely.
The first man to approach flying on a scientific basis was an Englishman who lived during the thirteenth century. He looked at the air about us as a sea, and he believed that a balloon could float on the air just as a boat did on water. Almost four hundred years later, an Italian priest applied his principle of air flight. He designed a boat, which would be held in the air by four hollow spheres (空心球). ach of the four balls was to be 20 feet in diameter (直径) and made of very thin copper. But his boat was never built since it was not possible to make spheres of such thin metal and such size in those days.
After studying the flight of birds and the movement of the air, a great scientist of the fifteenth century concluded that birds flew because they flapped (摆动) their wings and that it was possible for man to do the same. So a kind of flapping-wing flying machine was invented. Many men tried and failed to fly with flying machines. It was not until 1890 that people discovered why this method would never succeed - man could not develop sufficient power with his arms and legs.
41 How did Daedalus manage to escape to Sicily, according to the passage?
A He killed the guards and got out of the island.
B A god came to rescue him and took him away.
C His son came to rescue him and took him away.
D He made wings of wax and flew away from the island.
42 According to the English legend, King Bladud lost his life because__________.
A he flew too far.
B he flew too high.
C he fell to the ground,
D he was hit by a stone.
43 The first scientific air flight was designed by__________.
A a Greek.
B an Englishman.
C a Chinese.
D an Italian.
44 The priest failed to build the boat because__________.
A he could not raise enough money.
B his design was not scientific.
C he could not find enough copper.
D copper spheres could not be made as designed
45 According to the last paragraph, man could not fly with flapping-wing flying machines because__________.
A he could not develop adequate power with his arms and legs.
B he knew nothing about the movement of the air.
C they were made of heavy metal.
D they were made of light feathers.
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Building of the Pyramids
The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. __________(46) There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid.
Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings.__________(47). These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.__________(48). However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves.__________(49)
Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools Which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.
One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning before they could begin to build.__________(50) You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.
A The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape have made them less likely to fall into ruin.
B It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved.
C The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place.
D Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used.
E Many people were killed while building the pyramids.
F They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet.
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Transportation
For many years in the desert, camels Used to be the only form of transportation (运输). Before the(51) of modern trains, camel trains used to carry all the goods for trading between Central Africa and Europe. Traders sometimes (52) to put together camel trains with 10,000 to 15,000 animals. Each animal often carried (53) 400 pounds and could travel twenty miles a day. This form of transportation was so important that camels were called the "ships of the (54)."
Now modern trains travel across the desert in a very (55) time. One engine can pull as much weight as 135,000 (56). In addition, trains use special cars for their load. Refrigerator cars carry food; boxcars carry heavy goods; stock cars carry animals; and tank cars carry oil.
Air travel has changed, too. The earliest planes were biplanes (双翼飞机), with(57) sets of wings. The top speed of this plane was 60 miles per hour. The pilots used to sit or lie on the wings in the open air. The plane(58) sometimes stopped in the middle of a trip. It used to be (59) to fly in bad weather. In snow or in rain, the wings frequently became icy. Then the plane might go down.
Mechanical improvements during the First World War changed airplanes. Monoplanes (单翼飞机) took the(60) of biplanes. Pilots flew inside of covered cabins. Still, even these planes were small and expensive. Only(61) people were be able to travel in airplanes.
Now modern jets make air travel possible for all people. No place in the world is more than 24 hours away by jet. Further improvements have (62) the cost of flying, and they have made air travel (63) safer than it used to be. A modern 707 can carry 170 people and can fly at 600 miles per hour. People(64) used to eat, sleep, or watch movies on airplanes.(65) these things are a normal part of air travel!
51 A age B series C year D period
52 A ought B added C used D led
53 A away B as many as C out D as much as
54 A desert B trains C transportation D goods
55 A quick B short C good D no
56 A camels B ships C pounds D cars
57 A one B three C two D four
58 A wings B engines C pilots D speed
59 A probable B possible C improbable D impossible
60 A seat B pace C place D vacancy
61 A technical B rich C those D professional
62 A got rid of B raised C avoided D lowered
63 A much B so C very D such
64 A sometimes B occasionally C neither D never
65 A But B So C Now D However
参考答案:
词汇选项
1-15 BDAAB DCAAD ACCCD
阅读判断
16. A 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. B 21. C
概括大意
23. D 24. F 25. C 26. B
27. E 28. B 29. C 30. A
阅读理解
参考答案：
31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. B
36. C 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. A
41. D 42. C 43. D 44. D 45. A
补全短文
46. F 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. C
完形填空
51. A 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. B
56. A 57. C 58. C 59. D 60. C
61. B 62. D 63. A 64. D 65. C
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