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点击进入：2014年职称英语理工类冲刺练习题汇总
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与下划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1、I am not certain whether he will come.
A.determined
B.sure
C.sorry
D.glad
2、 She seemed to have detected some anger inhis voice.
A.noticed
B.heard
C.realized
D.got
3、 Please do not hesitate to call me if Ican be of further assistance.
A.contact
B.see
C.help
D.touch
4、 In short, I amgoing to live there myself
A.In other words
B.That is to say
C.In a word
D.To be frank
5、 He has trouble understanding that other peoplejudge him by his social skills and conduct.
A.style
B.behavior
C.mode
D.attitude
6、 I had some difficulty in carrying out theplan.
A.making
B.keeping
C.changing
D.implementing
7、 Mr. Johnson evidently regarded this as agreat joke.
A.readily
B.casually
C.obviously
D.simply
8、 We all think that Mary's husband is a very boring person.
A.shy
B.stupid
C.dull
D.selfish
9、 The workers in that factory manufacture furniture.
A.promote
B.paint
C.produce
D.polish
10、 They only have a limited amount of timeto get their points.
A.large
B.total
C.small
D.similar
11、 The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.
A.force
B.influence
C.surprise
D.power
12、 Can you follow the plot?
A.change
B.investigate
C.write
D.understand
13、 Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.
A.physical
B.mental
C.natural
D.hard
14、 In thelatter case the outcome can be serious indeed.
A.result
B.judgment
C.decision
D.event
15、Norman Blarney is an artist of deep convictions.
A.statements
B.beliefs
C.suggestions
D.claims
第2部分：阅读判断。下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
The Northern Lights
The Sun is stormy and has its own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun’s gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind.
The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but don’t worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth’s magnetic field, the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.
The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth’ s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall to the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.
Watching auroras is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate, flicker, or even move like waves. During solar maximum, auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico!
Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.
We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!
16. The Sun’s gravity is too weak to keep its plasma from flowing to the Earth.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. The Earth is quite safe with a magnetic field surrounding it to protect it from the attack by the solar wind.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. Some scientists are worrying about the possible disappearance of the Earth’s protective magnetic field in the future.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. The auroras are formed when the electrons falling into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles and colliding with gas molecules in the atmosphere.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. You cannot sec the Northern Lights unless you are in Alaska or Canada.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Tens of thousands of tourists take special trips to Norway and Sweden every year to watch the Northern Lights.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. An aurora is generally close to the ground and is very long and thick.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子。下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第3～6段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Maglev Trains
A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains, called maglev trains. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation1, which means that these trains float over a guide way using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains.
If you’ve ever played with magnets, you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other. This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic pull is temporary. You can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA-cell battery. This creates a small magnetic field. If you disconnect either end of the wire from the battery, the magnetic field is taken away.
The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system. There are three components to this system: A large electrical power source, metal coils lining a guide way or track, and large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train.
The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine-at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks4. The engine for maglev trains is rather innoticeable. Instead of using fossil fuels, the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combines to propel the trains.
The magnetized coil running along the track, called a guideway, repels the large magnets on the train’s undercarriage, allowing the train to levitate between 1 to 10 cm above the guideway. Once the train is levitated, power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guideway. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust.
Maglev trains float on a cushion of air, eliminating friction. This lack of friction allows these trains to reach unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than 500 kph, or twice as fast as the fastest conventional train. At 500 kph, you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours.
23. Paragraph 3 _____
24. Paragraph 4 _____
25. Paragraph 5 _____
26. Paragraph 6 _____
A. The Main Components of the Maglev Train System
B. High-speed Maglev due to Zero Friction
C. The Working Principle of the Maglev Train
D. Differences between Polarity and Magnetic Field
E. Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional Ones
F. Maglev with a Powerful Motor
27. Several countries in the world are using strong electromagnets _____.
28. You can connect a wire to the positive and negative ends of a battery _____.
29. A unique system of magnetic fields is created by the coils _____.
30. The frictionless maglev train enables you _____.
A. to develop a maglev train rail system
B. to explain why maglev trains are faster
C. to pull and push the train forward
D. to create a magnetic field
E. to experiment with the maglev train
F. to travel from Paris to Rome in about two hours
第4部分：阅读理解。下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
Small But Wise
On December 14, NASA blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Don’t let its small size fool you: WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects in the known universe,including asteroids, faint stars, blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.
“I’m very excited because we’re going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven’t seen before,” said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.
Since arriving in space, the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth, held by gravity in a polar orbit (this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap). Its camera is pointed outward, away from the Earth, and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes. After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.
The pictures taken by WISE won’t be like everyday digital photographs, however. WISE stands for “Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.” As its name suggests, the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation.
Radiation is energy that travels as a wave. Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light that becomes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation. When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree, for example, it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree. When these waves enter the camera through the lens, they’re processed by the camera, which then puts the image together.
Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don’t see them, and neither do the eyes of human beings. Although invisible to the eye, longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.
That’s a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can’t. Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light. Asteroids, for example, are giant rocks that float through space-but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They don’t reflect light, so they’re difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them. During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.
Brown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE’s pictures. These objects are “failed” stars-which means they are not massive enough to jump start the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun. Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down. They’re so dim that they’re almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.
31 .What is so special about WISE?
A. It is small in size but carries a large camera.
B. It is as small as a trashcan.
C. Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.
D. Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.
32. Which is NOT the synonym for the word "snap" in the third paragraph?
A. make.
B. shoot.
C. take
D. photograph.
33. The camera on WISE _____
A. is no different from an ordinary camera.
B. does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.
C. catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.
D. reflects light that human eyes can see.
34. Which of the following is NOT correct about “asteroids” according to paragraph 7?
A. Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.
B. Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.
C. It is difficult to take asteroids’ pictures by ordinary cameras.
D. The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids
35.What is implied in the last paragraph?
A. Brown dwarfs give off visible light.
B. Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.
C. Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.
D. Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.
The Family
The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the samesociety. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences.
Until recently the most common form in North America was the nuclear family, consisting of amarried couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must beprepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There islittle help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are caredfor only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America, the elderly often do not livewith the family; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.
There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies, such as NorthAmerica, and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits, who live in harsh environments.The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh conditions, mobilityallows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans, the hunt for jobs and improved socialstatus also requires mobility.
The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time,the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have includedgrandparents, mother and father, brothers and sisters, uncles, aunts, and cousins. In NorthAmerica today, there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice asmany households in the United States are headed by divorced, separated, or never-marriedindividuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family, not just in NorthAmerica, but throughout the world, continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.
Another good title for this passage would be______.
A.What Makes a Family
B.Life of Inuits
C.Living with Hardship
D.The Failure of the Nuclear Family
37、 A nuclear family is defined as______.
A.a married couple with their minor children
B.a single father with minor children
C.parents, grandparents, and children
D.parents, children, and aunts and uncles
38、 The information in this passage would most likely be found in ______.
A.an anthropology textbook
B.a biology textbook
C.a mathematics textbook
D.geography textbook
39、 The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through______.
A.listing statistics
B.telling a story
C.pointing out similarities
D.pointing out differences
40、 The word "mobility" means______.
A.money
B.readiness to move
C.organization
D.skill
More Than a Ride to School
The National Education Association claims.“The school bus is a mirror of the community.” They further add that，unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community.They are right--sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl. Bruce Hardy.school bus driver for Althouse BUS Company has been Liesl’s bus driver since kindergarten.Last year when Liesl’s family moved to Parkesburg，knowing her bus went by her new residence。she requested to ride the same bus.
This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus.She says，”It’s been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener.Sometimes when you’re a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important.Mr.Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important.’’Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree.
Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company，Larry Althouse，president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardy’s outstanding record：“You do not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record.He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles.Hardy’s reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus.”
Althouse further adds，“Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since.My grandfather started the business with one bus. ”
Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come.’’ Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed.Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy，they have been building relationships through generations，Liesl’s mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy’s bus to the Octorara School District.
41The word“mirror'’in the first line could be best replaced by
A.“vehicle”.
B.“device”.
C.“need”
D.“reflection”.
42、 Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company
A.for 30 years.
B.for 70 years.
C.since last year.
D.since 2000
43、 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy?
A.He is popular with his passengers.
B.He has never missed a day of work.
C.He is an impatient person
D.He has driven 350.000 accident free miles.
44、 Althouse Bus Company was founded by
A.Larry Althouse.
B.Althouse's grandfather
C.Liesl's mother
D.Ashley Batista.
45、 Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to
A.employing young drivers
B.running quality schools.
C.providing free driving lessons
D.building sound relationships.
第5部分：补全短文。下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
The Arctic Ice Is Thawing
Father Christmas may have to move his “workshop” from the North Pole because global warming is thawing the ice beneath his feet and his reindeers feet as well. His “workshop” is in dire straits. The “platform” for the “workshop” is melting, said Stefan Norris of the World Wildlife Fund environmental group’s Arctic Program.
An eight-nation report by 250 scientists published recently predicted the Arctic Ocean could be ice-free in summer by 2100 because of a build-up of heat-trapping gases2 in the atmosphere, mainly from burning fossil fuels in cars or factories. The North Pole is getting more and more inhabitable to Father Christmas. 46 Young people learn that Father Christmas’ “workshop” produces millions of gifts delivered by him on a flying, reindeer-drawn sleigh. Hollywood movies like “The Polar Express3” tried to make viewers believe that Father Christmas lives at the North Pole. 47
The “Fortress of Solitude” is near the North Pole that could be under threat in a warmer world5. Alan Boldt, spokesman of the Danish Ministry of Science, suggested ways to rescue Father Christmas. 48 Another alternative, he argued, would be building some electrical facilities to ensure the ice stays on the North Pole for him. “This should be a subject for the United Nations,” he said. “Denmark could build windmills to provide Father Christmas with power.” Denmark says Father Christmas’s real home is Greenland, which will help, Denmark thinks, to strengthen its position in claiming the sovereignty over the Pole. 49
“Doesn’t he already speak Danish?” Boldt said frostily when asked if Father Christmas would be forced to learn Danish if Denmark won international recognition of its claim to the Pole. Last month’s Arctic report said the region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe, partly because dark ground or water, once uncovered, soaks up more heat than ice or snow. Finland has been most favored by Father Christmas and it has about 500,000 tourists a year to visit its Christmas center in Rovaniemi in Lapland. 50
A. However, Nordic nations all reject it by claiming that their countries are his home.
B. Therefore the North Pole is the most attractive place in the world.
C. If Denmark’s claim were accepted internationally, it would have the legal right to search for oil and gas at the North Pole.
D. One of them would be building a giant floating ice rink for the workshop if the Pole thaws.
E. Maybe Father Christmas has already moved to Rovaniemi.
F. He may have to move from the North Pole within our children’s lifetimes.
第6部分：完形填空。下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage
The massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil “liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its 51 severity, a new analysis shows.
“We’ve seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 52 of damage in Japan were unusually severe,” said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University. “Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,” Ashford said. “The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 53 . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.”
Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It’s a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 54 and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or 55 .
But most earthquakes are much 56 than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.
“With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 57 structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,” he said. “And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 58 filled ground, are much more vulnerable.”
The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 59 and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 60 damage was removed in the recovery efforts.
“There’s no doubt that we’ll learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar 61 ,” Ashford said. “Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.”
Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction-on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The “young” sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 62 within the past 10, 000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything 63 a river and old flood plains is a suspect, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1, 100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 64 collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 65 helped prevent many buildings from collapse-even as they tilted and sank into the ground.
51.A. internal B. different C. difficult D. widespread
52.A. volume B. length C. extent D. width
53.A. function B. repair C. build D. remove
54.A. durability B. strength C. ability D. property
55.A. ascend B. compact C. collapse D. recover
56.A. shorter B. longer C. simpler D. stranger
57.A. when B. what C. how D. which
58.A. occasionally B. frequently C. specially D. recently
59.A. development B. phenomenon C. formation D. composition
60.A. unless B. until C. after D. before
61.A. findings B. locations C. events D. sources
62.A. delivered B. deposited C. destroyed D. detached
63.A. near B. from C. inside D. over
64.A. prevent B. accelerate C. predict D. detect
65.A. styles B. sites C. costs D. standards
参考答案
词汇选项
1-15 BAACB DCCCC BDAAB
阅读判断
16-22 BACAB CB
概括大意
23-30 AEC BADCF
阅读理解
CACAB
AAACB DACBD
补全短文
FADCE
完形填空
51-65 DCABC ACDBD CBAAD
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