2014年职称英语考试综合B阅读理解原文

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　　原文来自于职称英语教材综合类概括大意第一篇

　　第一篇 The Making of a Success Story

　　1 IKEA is the world's largest furniture retailer, and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world's most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Sweden in 1926, Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child, he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches, seeds, and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business一IKEA.

　　2 IKEA's name comes from Kamprad's initials (I.K.) and the place where he grew up ('E' and 'A'). Today IKEA is known for its modern, minimalist furniture1, but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprad's wares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices2, including watches, pens and stockings.

　　3 IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The fUrniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad's home. Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.

　　4 In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom in Almhult, Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture iti attractive settings, but in the early 1950s, people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelmiig: people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive. By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture.

　　5 In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea: flat packaging3. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency. This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and continued expansion.

　　6 Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 he was named the world's richest man. He currently lives in Switzerland and is retied from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself, though, just keeps on growing.

　　词汇：

　　entrepreneur /,entrəprə'nə:/ n.企业家

　　ware /weə/ n.货物

　　minimalist /'miniməlist / adj.最简单的

　　self-sufficiency /'self-sə'fiʃənsi/ n.自足

　　注释：

　　1. minimalist furniture：风格简约的家具

　　2. discounted prices：折扣价

　　3. flat packaging：平板包装

　　练习：

　　1. Paragraph 2_________

　　2. Paragraph 3_________

　　3. Paragraph 4_________

　　4. Paragraph 5_________

　　A. Ingvar Kamprad ? a born businessman

　　B. Success brought by the introduction of showrooms

　　C. The origin of IKEA

　　D. Specialization in selling furniture

　　E. Flat packaging ? a feature of IKEA

　　F. World-wide expansion of IKEA

　　5. Even when he was only a child, _________.

　　6. _________, and years later became a big company specialized in manufacturing and selling of furniture.

　　7. Customers liked the idea of IKEA's showrooms because _________.

　　8. As flat packaging saves money for both IKEA and the customers, _________

　　A. IKEA began as a small store selling all kinds of cheap things.

　　B. it is highly welcomed by both

　　C. Ingvar Kamprad showed interest in and talent for doing business.

　　D. he lives happily in retirement

　　E. here they can see and try the furniture they are going to buy.

　　F. Ingvar successfully manages the company all by himself

　　答案与题解：

　　1. C 第二段介绍了IKEA这个店名的来源以及它刚开始的时候是一家什么样的小杂货店

　　2. D 第三段讲了IKEA通过邮购方式销售自己设计、自己制造的家具，业绩喜人，从而扩大生产线，专事家具产销。

　　3. B 1953年IKEA引入展示厅的做法得到很好的反响，销售大大增加。

　　4. E Kamprad从别人拆卸家具中得到启发，于是试行销售平板包装的家具，既利己又利人，并使独立自行成为IKEA的一个特色。

　　5. C 时间状语从句告诉我们这里要讲的是Ingvar小时候的事情，文章的第一段就说了他从小就会做买卖。

　　6. A 这句话的后半句说IKEA几年以后才变成一家专营家具的公司，前半句很可能讲它的前身是什么。

　　7. E 这句的主句讲了顾客们喜欢IKEA的展示厅，从句用because引导，很清楚要求给出原因。

　　8. B 这句先给了原因，即平板包装对双方来说都省钱，那么结果便是双方都欢迎。

　　原文来自于职称英语教材综合类概括大意第十篇

　　Washoe Learned American Sign Language

　　1　An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Wash0e had become known in the scientific community1 and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language2. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate3 about primates and their ability to understand language.

　　2　Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners7 described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand4 about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, "Who is coming to play?" Once5 the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own6 into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.

　　3　However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there　are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners7. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.

　　4　Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believes Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees8. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.

　　1. Paragraph 1_________.

　　2. Paragraph 2_________.

　　3. Paragraph 3_________.

　　4. Paragraph 4_________.

　　A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This　Research Nowadays

　　B Report about Washoe's Progress in Learning Sign Language

　　C General Information about Washoe

　　D The Gardeners' Contributions Recognized

　　E Debate on Chimps' Intelligence

　　F Washoe's Love for Three Young Chimps

　　答案与题解:

　　1. C 第一段主要介绍黑猩猩 Washoe 的出生地、死亡年龄、被带到美国学习美式手语等一般情况。用 General Information about Washoe 来概括是很准确的。

　　2. B 第二段的关键句是: In 1969 ，the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report。随后的句子简略介绍了 Washoe 的学习情况和结果，如已学会 250 个单词，并能用手语表达"该吃饭了"等概念。所以，Report about Washoe's progress in learning sign language (选项 B) 是答案。

　　3. E 第三段介绍了对 Gardener 夫妇发表的报告有两种不同的解读。一派认为 Washoe 的手语能力只是机械重复、死记硬背、物质激励的结果，不是智能的表现。另一派认为这是智能的表现，其证据是 Washoe 还能教三个小猩猩学习手语。争论的焦点是黑猩猩有没有智能。选项 E 用 debate 来概括上述争论，所以是答案。

　　4. A 第四段解释了为什么现在从事这项研究的科学家人数不多。部分原因是研究周期太长。

　　5. C 选 C 的依据是第二段第四句: Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat。

　　6. A 第三段的上半段说了一些科学家对 Gardener 夫妇的实验的解读所持怀疑态度。题干中出现的 doubted 引导我们选 A。

　　7. D 选 D 的依据是第三段的最后一句，即 "He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg，Washington. There，Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees，which are still alive.

　　8. E 本文第二段谈到实验的成果时有这一个句子: "She could request foods like apples and bananas.根据全段意思和上述句子，选择 E 是正确的。