2015年职称英语考试知识解析:句子结构(3)

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      2015年职称英语考试知识解析:句子结构(3)

　　(2003年综合类C级考题阅读理解：New Foods and The New World)

　　According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a person named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush.

　　4.句子虽然不长，但有时附属结构的语法功能较难辨别，如：

　　(2002年综合类B级考题阅读判断：Norwich)

　　Today, in comparison with places like London or Manchester, Norwich is quite small, with

　　介词短语作状语

　　a population of around 150,000.

　　介词短语作定语

　　(2004年卫生类B级考题阅读理解：Global Cancer rates to rise by 50% by 2020)

　　Once considered a “western” disease, the report highlights that more than 50 percent of the world’s

　　过去分词结构作状语

　　cancer burden, in terms of both numbers of cases and deaths, already occurs in developing countries. 介词短语结构作状语

　　(供学员自己阅读)读长句子时，建议采用以下的步骤：

　　1. 仔细阅读全句，抓住句子的主干结构;

　　2. 找出句子中的所有从属成分，包括从句，短语结构，非谓语动词结构等;

　　3. 分析从属成分的语法功能，判断它们与句子主干结构之间的相互关系;注意指示代词，插入语等成分的辨认;

　　如：

　　(2002年综合类A级阅读理解：Effects of Environmental Pollution)

　　Perhaps the most commonly experienced aerosol is industrial smog of the

　　主语 谓语 表语

　　kind that plagued London in the 1950s and is an even greater problem in Los

　　定语从句 并列谓语 表语 状语

　　Angels today.

　　(2003年综合类A级阅读理解：”Salty rice plant boosts harvest”)

　　To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in

　　不定式结构作目的状语 主语 谓语 状语

　　very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants’ growth.

　　定语从句(宾语从句+ 定语从句)

　　l 英语的基本句型

　　Ⅰ、主语+系动词+表语(SVP)(S―subject; V―verb; P--predicative)

　　e.g. The flowers are red.

　　主语 系动词 表语(形容词)

　　e.g. I am a worker.

　　主语 系动词 表语(名词)

　　e.g. The book is on the table.

　　主语 系动词 表语

　　e.g. The truth is that he is a liar说谎的人.

　　主语 系动词 表语

　　e.g. He looks like his father.

　　主语 半系动词 表语

　　e.g. What I want to know is when you will leave for Beijing?

　　主语 系动词 表语

　　e.g. It is important for him to be careful.

　　主语 系动词 表语 真正主语

　　Ⅱ、主语+谓语(不及物动词)(SV)

　　e.g. He has come back. 不及物动词后带作状语的副词

　　主语 谓语

　　e.g. They laughed at him. 不及物动词后带作状语的介词短语

　　主语 谓语

　　laugh at 1. 因…而发笑 (e.g. laugh at a joke 听了笑话而发笑); 2. 嘲笑

　　Ⅲ、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(SVO)(O--object)

　　e.g. We had some bread and eggs for breakfast . for表示目的， 作为早餐

　　主语 谓语 宾语 状语

　　e.g. I like reading English at home.

　　主语 谓语 动名词结构作宾语 状语

　　e.g. We have leant that you would visit your parents tomorrow.

　　主语 谓语 宾语从句