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根据以下材料回答题：
Age Discrimination
By the year 2000 nearly half the workforce in Europe are over 40 and yet throughout Europe there is a deep ambivalence ( 犹豫 )-if not outright suspicion-towards the capabilities of older workers.
Those over the age of 40 generally take longer to find new employment, but European governments have done little to protect their employment rights. Only Germany, with incentives to business to encourage the employment of older people, and France, with the introduction of legislation making it illegal to use age barriers in recruitment-or to make employees redundant because of their age done anything substantive to combat age discrimination.
Yet even in these two countries, there has been no noticeable improvement in the lot of the older workers; indeed, in France, job advertisements flout ( 轻视，反对 ) the law openly by asking for applicants of a certain age. So, should France and Germany be tightening up their laws and should the rest of Europe follow suit?
Bill Robbins, a careers consultant said, "Legislation against age discrimination has been in existence for well over ten year in the U.S. and Canada, but has had no effect. Employers will always be able to find some reasons for turning down an older applicant without appearing to break the law."
Ironically, it was governments which played a leading role in hardening business culture against older workers in the first place. In the late 1970s, many European countries were extremely concerned about the levels of youth unemployment, and France, Germany and Belgium even initiated incentive schemes for businesses to encourage older employees to take early retirement provided that younger trainees were taken on in their place. As more and more employees took early retirement, often willingly, a new, youth-oriented culture permeated business throughout most of Europe-even in those countries that had taken no active measures to promote it.
Demographic ( 人口统计学的 ) trends mean that governments are now anxious to slow down the policy of early retirement as they realize that they simply do not have the funds to meet their pension promises. But reversing business attitudes is no easy matter. Dianah Worman a policy adviser said, "There is a widely held belief that older people are less, adaptable and trainable. This is just not true: research has shown that differences in capability are as wide within age groups as they are between them."
41
Which of the following words can best describe the European attitude to older workers?
A.Dislike.
B.Disapproval.
C.Distrust.
D.Disappointment.
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】从文章第一段可以看出欧洲人对年龄较大的工作者存在着不信任的态度，suspicion(怀疑)即是distrust(不信任)。
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42 France, U.S. and Canada have all taken which of the following steps to discourage age discrimination?
A.Encourage businesses to employ older people by offering rewards.
B.Make age discrimination in respect of employment illegal.
C.Enforce age discrimination laws strictly.
D.Refuse to employ younger workers.
参考答案：B
参考解析：
【解析】文章第二段说法国的做法是通过立法，第四段说美国和加拿大反对年龄歧视的立法已经有十几年了，因此可见就业方面年龄歧视非法化是这三个国家的共同做法。
43 This passage is aimed to__________
A.create more job opportunities for older workers
B.tell older workers how to solve their problems
C.call for European governments' concern about older workers' problem
D.reveal the importance of legislation against age discrimination
参考答案：C
参考解析：
【解析】文章第一段和第二段第一句话都明确指出年龄大的人在求职时面临的问题，但欧洲各国并没有努力去保障他们的就业权利，由此可见文章是在呼吁各国政府关注这一问题。
44 What did governments do to discourage the employment of older workers in the 1970s?
A.Offer early retirement to all employees.
B.Set specific age limits for employment.
C.Only employ younger trainees.
D.Offer incentives to businesses to take on younger employees.
参考答案：D
参考解析：
【解析】文章第五段第二句话说：20世纪70年代末，很多欧洲国家特别关心年轻人就业问题，法国，德国和比利时甚至着手鼓励老员工过提早退休的计划，这样就可以雇佣年轻人工作。由此可知，政府鼓励企业雇佣年轻的员工，所以选D。
45 Which of the following statements is NOT the cause, for older workers' problem in employment?
A.Older people's inability to adapt to new methods.
B.Lack of protection offered by European governments.
C.Advertisements specifying a desired age for applicants.
D.Popular beliefs and attitudes favoring younger workers.
参考答案：A
参考解析：
【解析】根据文章最后两句说：认为年龄大的人适应性差、不好培训的普遍看法是不正确的，研究已经表明同年龄组的人的能力差异和不同年龄组之间的人的差异是一样大的，即能力是不该按年龄来划分的。因此选项A提到的并不是事实。B在第二段首句提到;C在文章第三段第一句提到;D在第四段和第五段提到。
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