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They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.
词汇突破
possession [pəˈzeʃn]
n. 拥有;财产;领地;自制;着迷
autonomous [ɔːˈtɑːnəməs]
结构分析
这是一个由 and 连接的并列句。主句结构是两个并列句：They are the possessions 和 and they are essential to practices，of the autonomous ... traditional theory 后置定语修饰，两个并列句均是主系表结构，主语都是 they。第二个分句中 in which ... 是修饰 practices 的定语从句。
参考译文
它们(自由和尊严)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。
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