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第二十八课 社会关系
1、相关文化背景知识介绍
⑴ 关于美国缅因州
缅因州位于美国东北部，在1820年成为美国的第二十三个州。缅因州的自然资源比较丰富，湖泊和森林众多，因而缅因州被昵称为‘松树州’，而山雀被称为缅因州的州鸟。奥古斯塔是首府，位于缅因州的西南部，缅因州最大的城市是波特兰，风景秀丽迷人，附近有著名的肯姆登丘陵州公园。
⑵ 关于国外斗牛节
斗牛在国外被认识是一种体育娱乐运动，美国的西部牛仔经常举行斗牛比赛，世界上最有名气的应该是西班牙的斗牛，在那里斗牛称为‘国技’，素有‘斗牛王国’之称。西班牙斗牛的历史悠久，最初只是人们猎取野兽的方式，最终逐渐地演变成一种娱乐形式并建立了众多斗牛场。马德里频繁得举行斗牛比赛，全国上下的人们都疯狂地热爱这一运动。
2、核心词汇讲解
⑴ donate v. 捐赠，赠予
考点：donate… to … …捐赠…
例句：My grandmother donated a large sum of money to the village primary school.
⑵ address v. 向。。。讲话，写信给。致（函等）
考点：address oneself to 对。。。说；着手，从事于
例句：The Education Secretary had to address a hostile crowd of teachers.
⑶ discard v. 丢弃
考点：discard the dross and select the essential 去粗取精
例句：He discarded the old theory.
⑷ foresee v. 预见，预知
考点：foresee trouble 预见到有问题
foresee the rapid increase in …预知。。。激增
例句：We should have foreseen this trouble.
⑸ intend v. 想要，打算
考点：be intended to (do) 意思是；是用来
be intended to be 规定为，确定为
It is intended that… 企图、意图是。。。
例句：He intends his son to manage the company.
⑹ accomplish v. 完成（任务）等
考点：accomplish a purpose 达到目的
例句：They accomplished a glorious task.
⑺ possess v. 拥有，占有；支配
考点：be possessed of 拥有，占有
be exclusively possessed by 在。。。把持下
possess oneself of 取得，获得，把。。。占为己有
possess sb. of sth. 使某人拥有某物；使某人熟悉某事
例句：He possessed 5 acres of land.
3、核心短语讲解
⑴ raise funds 募捐，募捐款项
raise 的常用意思是‘举起，上升’，在这里是‘筹集’的意思，同义词组为 raise money.
例如： We are raising funds for this orphanage.
They have to raise funds for their activity.
⑵ give the green light to 给。。。开绿灯
green light 本意为‘绿灯’，其比喻意思为‘放行，准许，批准’。例如：
Why does the government give the green light to this company?
⑶ the root cause 根本原因
root 的常用意思为‘根，根部’，这里是‘根源’的意思。词组 root up 指‘根除，肃清’。例如：The root cause of this accident is the driver’s overspeed.
⑷ rest on 依靠，依赖
词组形式为 rest on sb./sth. ，同义词组为 depend on sb./sth. 例如：
The poor boy’s hopes rests on his father who left family two years ago.
⑸ run for 竞选，当。。。候选人
后面接 sb./sth. , 其同义词组为 run in sth. 例如：
Do you want to run for this position?
4、核心句型讲解
⑴ These individual-run offices are also conveniently located in the neighborhoods rather than in downtown areas so ordinary citizens can legal help from them more easily.
译文：这些个人开办的事务所也是十分地方便，它们就在附近地区，而不是在市区，所以普通市民可以从它们那里很容易得到法律帮助。
讲解：individual-run 指‘个人开办的’， 中间要有连字符。be located in 指‘位于，坐落于’，rather than 指‘不要，不是，不愿’，选择的是前者。例如：
He is going to go abroad rather than his little brother.
⑵ Looking ahead at the next four years, without question unemployment and economy are my major concern and I will no doubt deal with these issues.
译文：展望以后的4年，毫无疑问失业和经济是我主要关心的问题，我将尽力处理这些问题。
讲解：Looking… 短语是现在分词短语，主语是I, without question 指‘毫无疑问’，其同义词组还有 out of question ,past question。例如：
Without question she is an excellent teacher.
⑶ I intended to campaign hard and not rest on my laurels and I believe the voters are satisfied with what I have accomplished and will support me and re-elect me…
译文：我打算努力参加竞选，不依靠我的殊荣，我相信投票者会对我做的成绩满意，也将支持我，再次选举我。
讲解：intend to do sth. 指‘打算/想要做某事’，what 引导的句子做 are satisfied with 的宾语。 Support 的常用词组为 support sb./ sth. (in sth.) 指‘支持/帮助某人（某事物）’。例如：
Most of his friends don’t support him in his resignation.
5、重点语法知识讲解
⑴ 分词做状语，可以表示时间、原因、理由、条件、让步、连续等，相当于一个状语从句。
例如：Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
=As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
=If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
⑵ 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出的，就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：
Used for a long time , the book looks old.
Using the book, I find it useful.
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