职称英语《卫生类B类》阅读理解真题练习回顾

环球网校·2016-11-16 13:31:09浏览收藏

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　Medicine Award Kicksoff Nobel Prize Announcements

　　Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth ofcancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.

　　Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American CarolGreider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme researchand experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.

　　Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first NobelPrizes were handed out in 1901.The last female winner was U. S. researcherLinda Buck in 2004, who shared the prize with Richard Axel.

　　Among the pair’s possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon andAmericans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studyingproteins called nuclear hormone receptors.

　　As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in therunning before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm’sKarolinska Institute.

　　Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established theprizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry,literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968creation of Sweden’s central bank.

　　Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but medicinewinners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body ofresearch.

　　Hans Jomvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10million kronor (US $1.3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research buthe did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists.

　　“Individual researchers probably don’t look at themselves aspotential Nobel Prize winners when they’re at work”, Jornvall told TheAssociated Press. “They get their kicks from their research and theirinterest in how life functions.”

　　In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco,and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prizefor basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Theirwork set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase tosustain their uncontrolled growth.

　　31.Who is most unlikely to win the Nobel Prize in medicine?

　　A　Hans Jornvall.

　　B Carol Greider.

　　C　Pierre Chambon.

　　D　Elizabeth Blackburn.

　　32.Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel?

　　A　He left clear instructions on how to select winners.

　　B　He was from Sweden.

　　C　He invented dynamite.

　　D　He established the Nobel Prizes in his will.

　　33.Originally the Nobel Prizes did NOT include

　　A　The peace prize.