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阅读判断
The Northern Lights
The Sun is stormy and has its own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun's gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check1! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour2. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma3 coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind.
The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but don't worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth's magnetic field, the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect. 4
The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth's atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall to the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.
Watching auroras is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate, flicker, or even move like waves. During solar maximum, 5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico! 6
Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.
We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime, We know you will never forget it!
词汇：
electrify 使带电 steer 驾驶;导向，引向
collide 碰撞 aurora 极光
flicker 闪烁 plasma 等离子体
electron 电子 molecule 分子
pulsate 跳动 Arctic 北极的
注释：
1.The sun’s gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check：太阳的引力无法控制它自己的大气层。hold ... in check是“控制，支配”，例如：
He wants to hold the company in check through the manager’s secretary.他想通过经理的秘书控制公司。
2.move at speeds around a million miles per hour：以约100万英里的时速运动。around = about。
3.the stream of plasma：等离子流
4.... the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect：首先，磁场受到挤压，接着磁场磁力线断开又闭合。
5.During solar maximum：在太阳风暴达到最高峰的期间
6.auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico!位于极南面的佛罗里达州，乃至于墨西哥都能看到极光。far south意为“极南面”。
练习：
1.The Sun's gravity is too weak to keep its plasma from flowing to the Earth.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
2.The Earth is quite safe with a magnetic field surrounding it to protect it from the attack by the solar wind.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
3.Some scientists are worrying about the possible disappearance of the Earth's protective magnetic field in the future.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
4.The auroras are formed when the electrons falling into the Earth's atmosphere at the poles and colliding with gas molecules in the atmosphere.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
5.You cannot see the Northern Lights unless you are in Alaska or Canada.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
6.Tens of thousands of tourists take special trips to Norway and Sweden every year to watch the Northern Lights.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
7.An aurora is generally close to the ground and is very long and thick.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
答案与题解：
1.B 题句意思是：太阳的重力太弱，等离子逃离太阳，流向地球。这一说法与短文第一段第一、二句表达的内容不符。句子表达的重点不是太阳的重力太弱，而是太阳太热，其活动又太剧烈，造成等离子逃离太阳，流向地球。所以，答案是选项B。
2.A 题句说地球相当安全，因为有磁场在高空包围着地球，将太阳风挡在地球大气层外面。题句表达的意思与短文第二段第一句传递的信息相符。虽然短文中没有用safe这个词，但是“don’t worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet”包含了safe这层意思，所以选项A是答案。
3.C 题句说，有些科学家担心包围地球起防护作用的磁场有一天会消失。短文中找不到这一信息，所以答案是C。
4.A 短文第二、三段解释极光的成因。当强大的太阳风侵入地球磁场，磁场的磁力线会断开和闭合，等离子流的电子进入大气层，流向极地上空，与大气层的气体分子发生碰撞，发出极光。题句表达的意思与短文介绍的极光成因相符，所以答案是A。
5.B 题句的说法明显与短文第三段的叙述不符。第四段介绍说，当太阳风暴达到最高峰期间，明亮的北极光甚至在位于极南面的佛罗里达州乃至墨西哥都能看到。所以答案是B。
6.C 题句说，每年有几万游客专程前往挪威和瑞典观看北极光。短文中找不到这一内容，所以答案是C。
7.B 题句说极光通常很接近地面，又长又厚。这一说法有两点与短文第五段的介绍不符。第一点，极光不是接近地面，而是“似乎很接近地面(Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground)”，事实上，最靠近地面的极光离地面也有100公里。第二点，极光不厚，“only a few hundred meters thick”。所以答案是B。
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概括大意与完成句子
完形填空
Giant Structures
It is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modem world since every year more __1__ constructions appear. Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our __2__ although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.
The Petronas Twin Towers
The Petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999. With a __3__ of 452 metres, the tall twin towers, like two thin pencils, dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur. At the 41st floor, the towers are linked by a bridge, symbolizing a gateway to the city. The American __4__ Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers.
Constructed of high-strength concrete, the building provides around 1，800 square metres of office space __5__ every floor. And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base. Other __6__ of this impressive building include double-decker lifts, and glass and steel sunshades.
The MiUau Bridge
The Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tam Valley，in southern France. __7__ the time it was built，it was the world’s highest bridge, __8__ over 340m at the highest point. The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world. It was built to __9__ Millau's congestion problems. The congestion was then caused by traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona in Spain. The bridge was built to withstand the __10__ extreme seismic and climatic conditions. Besides, it is guaranteed for 120 years!
The Itaipu Dam
The Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world. It consists of a series of dams across the River Parana, __11__ forms a natural border between Brazil and Paraguay. Started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete, the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two __12__. The dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. In 1995 it produced 78% of Paraguay’s and 25% of Brazil’s __13__ needs. In its construction, the __14__ of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers. It is a __15__ amazing wonder of engineering.
词汇：
worthy adj.值得的
surpass v.超过，胜过
symbolize v.象征
congestion n.拥挤
withstand v. 经受住
seismic 地震的
dam n. 堤，坝
hydroelectric adj. 水电的
注释：
1. The Petronas Twin Towers: 国油双峰塔，又称吉隆坡双子塔。建于1997年，共有88层，高达452公尺，曾是世界上最高的摩天楼。国油双峰塔由两幢大楼组成，两幢楼的第41层由58公尺长的天桥连接。这座设计新颖的、大量使用了木锈钢与玻璃等建材的双峰塔是吉隆坡市的象征。不论你在吉隆坡的哪一个角落都可以看到这座十分现代化的建筑物。
2. Kuala Lumpur:吉隆坡(马来西亚首都)
3. The Millau Bridge: 米约高架桥。位于法国西南部的米约市，横跨在塔恩河仙境般的河谷之上，是通住法国南部地中海地区75号高速公路段上的枢纽工程。建造这座斜拉索式桥梁共花费了3年多的时间，总耗资3.94亿欧元。这座大桥全长2.46公里，总重29万吨，大桥距地面270米，大桥斜拉索的最高点距离地面343米，髙出埃菲尔铁塔23米，是当时世界上最高的桥梁。
4. The Itaipu Dam: 伊泰普水电站。伊泰普水电站是目前世界上最大的水电站之一，由巴西和巴拉圭斥资共建，两国电力公司分别拥有水电站的一半产权。整个坝长7 853米，水位落差118.4米。水库面积1 350平方公里(其中巴西侧750平方公里，巴拉圭侧600平方公里)，容量290亿立方米。自1991年起，伊泰普水电站每年发电收益约23亿美元。
5. the River Parana: 巴拉那河。南美洲第二大河。
6. Brazil: 巴西(南美洲一国名)
7. Paraguay: 巴拉圭(南美洲一国名)
8. Eiffel Towers: 埃菲尔铁塔。埃菲尔铁塔是法国巴黎著名建筑，也是巴黎的象征。塔高985 英尺，于1889年为世界博览会而建造，其塔身几乎完全由开放晶格的熟铁制成。
练习
A. delightful B. useful C. wonderful D. careful
A. admiration B. passion C. expression D. detection
A. length B. width C. height D. volume
A. inventor B. architect C. scientist D. merchant
A. below B. in C. above D. on
A. types B. parts C. roles D. features
A. A.t B. within C. from D. upon
A. developing B. expanding C. stretching D. reaching
A. restrict B. reserve C. relieve D. relax
A. most B. much C. more D. less
A. what B. which C. who D. that
A. countries B. provinces C. areas D. regions
A. water B. oil C. energy D. food
A. amount B. number C. quality D. ratio
A. mainly B. totally C. rarely D. truly
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概括大意与完成句子
答案与题解
1. C第二句的前半句说的是“要选定当世最令人叹为观止的奇迹是一个无法完成的差事”，后半句解释“做不到”的原因在于每年都有新的更令人叹为观止的建筑出现。本题要选的词应该是与描述constructions极好性状有关的形容词。四个选项中wonderful符合这个要求，而delightful, useful和careful均与constructions极好性状无关，因此不可能是答案。
2. A be worthy of 意为“值得”。Three giant, structures 值得什么呢?值得我们 passion (热情)、expression(表达)或detection(发现)?这三个选项显然不会是答案。Admiration(赞叹)才是答案。
3. C “the tall twin towers”给出了寻找答案的线索。tall towers意为“高楼”，所以452米指的是高度。
4. B本段叙述马来西亚吉隆坡的国油双峰塔。四个选项中只有architect(建筑师)与设计国油双峰塔最相关。其他三个选项与architect相比，相关性就差多了。
5. D floor之前搭配的介词是on。
6. D本段前面的句子描述了国油双峰塔的建筑特色，本句进而介绍塔的其他两个特色，即double-decker lifts (双层电梯)和glass and steel sunshades(建材为玻璃和钢的遮阳篷)。根据上下文判断，features是答案。
7. A at the time(在那时，那时候)是固定搭配，后接从句。
8. D从词组搭配和上下文意思上判断，reaching over 340m at the highest point是最合适的。 reach a height意为“达到某个高度”，而develop a height(发展某个高度)，expand a height (扩展某个髙度)和stretch a height(延伸某个高度)都不合理。
9. C congestion是解题的关键词。建造髙架大桥的目的是为了缓解交通拥挤，所以选择relieve是理所当然的。
10. A本句是说米约高架桥的坚固程度，它能经受住最极端的地震和气候条件而不会倒塌。本题的答案是most。the most extreme是形容词extreme的最高级形式。
11. B很明显，the River Parana之后是个非限制性定语从句，连接词只能用which。what不能指代the River Parana。that用于限制性定语从句。Who不能指代非生命的the River Parana.
12. A the Itaipu Dam由巴西和巴拉圭两国斥资共建，所以答案不可能是provinces(省),areas (区域)或regions(地区)。countries是理所当然的选择。
13. C建造水电站的目的是利用水能发电，获得电能。Energy是答案。本句的下半句 breaking previous records for energy production 中的“energy”也为答案的选择提供了依据。
14. A iron和steel是物质名词，是不可数的，用the amount of iron and steel是对的。
15. D mainly amazing(主要叹为观止的)，totally amazing(全部叹为观止的)或 rarely amazing (很少叹为观止的)都与句子的意思接不上。只有truly amazing (真正叹为观止的)才符合上下文的意思。
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概括大意与完成句子
Earth Angels
(1) Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a "No Butts on the Beach" campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice-cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later. Joying says the buckets are full and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris (残片) .
(2) People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife.
Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built.
(3) Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water, a real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the "Don't Be Crude" program runs oil collection sites--tanks that hold up to 460 gallons- where people in the community can dispose of their oil.
(4) Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didn't have clean water, and that as little as $70 could build a well. "We really take water for granted," says Ryan, of Kemptville,Ontario, in Canada. "In other countries, you have to plan for it." Ryan earned the first $70 by doing extra chores (零工) , but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars.
(5) His efforts led to the start of the Ryan's Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.
23——26概括大意
23. Paragraph 1__________.
24. Paragraph 2__________.
25. Paragraph 3 __________.
26. Paragraph 4 __________.
A. Provide clean water
B. Dig oil wells
C. Save clean water
D. Don't litter
E. Don't be crude
F. Protect wildlife
27——30完成句子
27. Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to__________.
28. People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to__________.
29. Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to__________.
30. Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream ofhelp African people to__________.
A. make new materials
B. preserve wetland and animals
C. have clean air
D. have clean water
E. collect cigarette butte
F. collect despoiled oil
答案与解析
23.D。本文的标题是“地球天使”，主题是环保，介绍的是几个孩子如何以自己的行动来从事环保事业的。第一段主要介绍Joying Brescia这个8岁的孩子是怎样从事环保工作的。选项D(Don’t Litter)的意思是不要乱扔垃圾，最适合作为第一段的小标题。
24.F。第二段主要讲一个名叫Caner Dunham的孩子和他的伙伴如何保护一片湿地里面珍奇动物的事情。选项F的意思是“保护野生动物”，正好概括了这段的意思，所以选F。
25.E。第三段主要讲一个名叫Barbara Brow的女孩和她的朋友发现废弃的油污对土地污染严重，提醒人们不要随便丢弃油污。原文中的“Don’t Be Crude”就是这个意思，故选E。
26.A。第四段主要介绍一个名叫Ryan Hreljac的孩子用通过打零工以及其他方式筹来的钱来成立“水井基金”(Well Foundation)，帮助非洲人喝上干净的水的故事。选项A的意思是“提供清洁的水”，与本段主题一致，故选A。
27.E。题干：Joyin9把一些桶放在公共场所的目的是__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到第一段倒数第二、三句，我们知道这些桶是用来收集烟蒂的，故选E。
28.B。题干：人们感谢Carter Dunham所做的一努力。利用题干关键词可以定位到第二段第一句，该句谈到他为保护湿地和野生动物做出了贡献，故选B。
29.A。题干：废弃的油回收后可以用来__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到第三段，概括该段大意可知，答案应为“制作新的东西”。故选A。
30.D。题干：Ryan和他的朋友一起帮助非洲人们实现__________梦想。利用题干关键词可以定位到第四段首句，该句讲Ryan和朋友们帮非洲人喝上干净的水，故选D。
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