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【摘要】目前备考2017年职称英语考试的考生在循序渐进的进行中。环球网校为考生整理了“2017年职称英语考试《卫生类A级》练习题三”，希望备考2017年职称英语考试的考生都能顺利通关，更多资料敬请关注网校职称英语考试频道……
Education of Students with Vision Impairments(环球网校分享的2017年职称英语考试《卫生类A级》练习题三)
This is specially designed education for children who are either partially sighted or blind1. Vision impairments are diagnosed by medical doctors who examine the physical structures in the eye and evaluate the child's ability to see shapes of different sizes at various distances. In the United States, approximately 12 out of 1,000 children receive some form of special education because of visual impairments.
Partially sighted children may use a variety of adaptive aids2 to see more clearly and to read printed text. These aids include magnifiers, which may be attached to eyeglasses; electronic systems for enlarging print3 and making it easier to see; and large-print books. Blind children usually are taught to read Braille，a system of raised dots embossed on paper and read by touch.4 In the past, turning conventional books into pages of Braille was very time-consuming, and the large books required enormous storage areas.5 However, most Braille texts are now done electronically.6 Many students read paperless Braille with the aid of machines that mechanically raise the dots in a small panel as the reader progresses through the text. Because Braille cannot be read very rapidly， many blind students prefer to listen to books being read on tapes. Some students also use reading machines equipped with cameras that scan lines of print, which computers then convert to synthesized speech.7
Many blind and partially sighted children receive orientation and mobility training8 as a part of their education. Specialists teach them how to travel independently in their schools and communities, often with an aid，such as a cane.
Most children with vision impairments are educated in schools within their communities. Vision specialists may provide special materials and equipment, help teachers and classmates understand the children's condition, and possibly provide additional instruction. The specialists may also teach partially sighted children how to use their remaining vision more effectively9 and instruct them in the use of adaptive aids.
Some children with vision impairments attend special schools designed to meet their particular needs. Like boarding schools, these schools often provide residential services as well as educational programs.10 They also have specially designed facilities, which may not be found in neighborhood schools, for blind children to participate in athletics and other activities.(环球网校分享的2017年职称英语考试《卫生类A级》练习题三)
The education of many children with vision impairments is further complicated by their having other disabilities, such as physical disabilities, developmental impairments, or hearing loss.11 Education for those children might emphasize the development of language and communication，and personal, social, and vocational skills rather than academic skills.12
注释：
1. partially sighted or blind：半盲或全盲的
2. a variety of adaptive aids：各种各样可调节的辅助装置
3. electronic systems for enlarging print：能够放大印刷字体的电子设备。print —词在这里指的 是印刷出来的字;在下文large-print中意思也一样。(环球网校分享的2017年职称英语考试《卫生类A级》练习题三)
4. Blind children usually are taught to read Braille, a system of raised dots embossed on paper and read by touch.盲童通常学习阅读盲文，盲文是由在纸上浮突出来的小圆点构成的(文字)系统，用手触摸着读。
5. In the past, turning conventional books into pages of Braille was very time-consuming, and the large books required enormous storage areas.把普通书籍转化成"^文在过去是很花时间的 事，保存大开本的书也要占很多地方。
6. However, most Braille texts are now done electronically.然而，现在大多数盲文文本是用电子
手段转化而成的。
7. Some students also use reading machines equipped with cameras that scan lines of print, which computers then convert to synthesized speech. 些学生还使用阅读机，这种阅读机装有摄像机来扫描印刷字体，然后电脑再把它们转化成电子合成的声音。equip sth. with...:用某 物来装备……
8. orientation and mobility training ：方向和移动训练
9. to use their remaining vision more effectively ：更有效地运用他/[门微I号的视力。remaining 的 意思是“剩下的，余下的”。
10. Like boarding schools, these schools often provide residential services as well as educational programs.同寄宿学校一样，这些学校除了教学课程以外还癍供各种住宿设施Q as well as作 为介词短语意思是“除了……以外(也)，和”。
11. The education of many children with vision impairments is further complicated by their having other disabilities，such as physical disabilities，developmental impairments，or hearing loss.)(才 许多视力损伤的儿童的教育由于他们还患有其他伤残而变得愈加复杂化，如身体残疾、发 育不良、听力下降等。
12. Education for those children might emphasize the development of language and communication, and personal, social, and vocational skills rather than academic skills.)(才这样的JL童的教育也
许要强调语言和交流能力以及个人、社会和职业技能的培养，而不是强调学术能力。
练习：(环球网校分享的2017年职称英语考试《卫生类A级》练习题三)
1. Various adaptive aids are used to
A cure children of their vision impairments.
B help children see more clearly, read books and so on.
C teach children how to turn Braille into synthesized speech.
D teach children how to use their remaining vision more effectively.
2. Large-print books are those books which
A are printed with large pages.
B have large words in them.
C can be read by using a magnifier.
D can be read with the aid of machines.
3. Many blind students prefer listening to books because
A these books can talk by themselves.
B the synthesized speech is very interesting.
C this can save time.
D these students are lazy.
环球网校友情提示：本文整理“2017年职称英语考试《卫生类A级》练习题三”。如果您在此过程中遇到任何疑问，请登录环球网校职称英语频道及职称英语论坛，我们随时与广大考生朋友们一起交流!
【摘要】目前备考2017年职称英语考试的考生在循序渐进的进行中。环球网校为考生整理了“2017年职称英语考试《卫生类A级》练习题三”，希望备考2017年职称英语考试的考生都能顺利通关，更多资料敬请关注网校职称英语考试频道……
4. "Orientation and mobility training" is meant to teach blind and partially sighted children
A how to complete their education.
B how to use a cane.(环球网校分享的2017年职称英语考试《卫生类A级》练习题三)
C how to move around without other people's help.
D how to help other people to travel independently.
5. It may be good for children with vision impairments to live in special schools because these schools
A can save them the trouble of coming from and going back to their homes.
B are built of nice wooden boards and so are clean and comfortable.
C have educational programs for the blind.
D offer training in vocational skills rather than academic skills.
答案与题解：
1. B根据是第二段的第一句话。
2. B关键要掌握print在这里的意义：参见注释3。A项不是正确的选项，因为虽然大字的书 可能开本也大，但并非绝对，large-print books本身也不是这个意思。
3. C第二段中说到盲文读起来不可能很快，那么用耳朵听录成磁带的书当然最主要的好处是 节省时间，作者显然就是这个意思。
4. C第三段说方向和移动训练是为了盲童和半盲童能够在学校和社区独立地行走，所以选项 C是对的。选项B不对，因为训练虽然要教会学生用手杖，但用手杖是教学要达到的技能， 而不是总体教学目的。
5. A专门学校提供住宿，这就解决了学生来回于学校和家庭之间不方便的问题。参看注释 10。
环球网校友情提示：本文整理“2017年职称英语考试《卫生类A级》练习题三”。如果您在此过程中遇到任何疑问，请登录环球网校职称英语频道及职称英语论坛，我们随时与广大考生朋友们一起交流!
【摘要】目前备考2017年职称英语考试的考生在循序渐进的进行中。环球网校为考生整理了“2017年职称英语考试《卫生类A级》练习题三”，希望备考2017年职称英语考试的考生都能顺利通关，更多资料敬请关注网校职称英语考试频道……
译文：
视力损伤的学生的教育
这种教育是专为全盲或半盲儿童设立的。医生通过检查眼球的结构和测试儿童在不同的距离 看大小不同的物体的情况来诊断视力是否受到损伤。在美国，1,000个儿童中约有12个因为视力损伤而接受某种特殊教育。
半盲的儿童使用多种可调节的辅助装置可以看得更清楚并能阅读印刷品。这些装置包括可安 装在眼镜上的放大镜，能够放大印刷字体方便阅读的电子设备，以及大号字体的书籍。而全盲的儿童通常学习阅读盲文，盲文是由在纸上浮突出来的小圆点构成的(文字)系统，用手触摸着读。把普 通的书籍转化成盲文在过去是很花时间的事，保存大开本的书也要占很多地方。然而，现在大多数盲文文本是用电子手段转化而成的，许多学生阅读的是非书本形式的盲文。阅读时使用的辅助装置 可以自动抬升一块小板上的圆点。盲文读起来速度不快，所以盲人学生更喜欢听录在磁带上的文章。有些学生还使用阅读机，这种阅读机装有摄像机来扫描印刷字体，然后电脑再把它们转化成电 子合成的声音。
许多全盲和半盲儿童接受方位和移动训练的教育。在老师的指导下,他们学习如何在学校和社 区里独立行走，当然经常要依靠一个辅助装置，比如拐杖。
大多数视力损伤的儿童都是就近入学。眼科老师提供专门的材料和设备，帮助老师和同学了解 盲童的境况，还可以提供额外指导。这些老师还会指导儿童如何更有效地运用他们微弱的视力，并指导他们使用可调节的辅助装置。 .(环球网校分享的2017年职称英语考试《卫生类A级》练习题三)
有些视力损伤的儿童进入那些能够满足他们特殊薷要的专门学校。如同寄宿学校一样，这些学 校除了教学课程以外还提供各种住宿设施。这些学校还有别的学校没有的特殊设备，以方便盲童参加体育运动和其他活动。
对许多视力损伤的儿童的教育由于他们还患有其他伤残而变得愈加复杂化，如身体残疾、发育 不良、听力下降等。对这样的儿童的教育也许要强调语言和交流能力以及个人、社会和职业技能的培养，而不是强调学术能力。
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环球网校友情提示：本文整理“2017年职称英语考试《卫生类A级》练习题三”。如果您在此过程中遇到任何疑问，请登录环球网校职称英语频道及职称英语论坛，我们随时与广大考生朋友们一起交流!