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2017年职称英语考试<综合类>冲刺练习词汇判断概括大意
第一部分：词汇选择(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
1 The town is famous for its magnificent church towers. ?
A distinguished
B contemporary
C specialized
D specified?
2 The economic reform in Japan has been accelerated. ?
A sped up
B put off
C slowed down
D stopped?
3 During his lifetime he was able to accumulate quite a fortune.
A control
B spend
C collect
D exchange?
4 It's impolite to cut in when two persons are holding a conversation.
A leave
B talk loudly
C stand up
D interrupt
5 What can you do to ensure that you will stay healthy??
A be assured
B insist
C prove
D secure?
6 I didn't help him. I would have, however, I didn't have the money.?
A or
B but
C otherwise
D still?
7 Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990. ?
A in
B around
C from
D before?
8 The team's spirit was at the lowest point in the season. ?
A ability to read
B lesson
C morale
D talent?
9 Mary had sold her bike, taken a driving test and bought a car. ?
A examination
B quiz
C exercise
D check
10 We have to think very carefully before we take any action, because it's a very serious situation we have encountered.
A ideal
B favourable
C good
D severe?
11 It's tough looking for a job these days. ?
A different
B digital
C difficult
D direct?
12 I wonder who first conceived the idea of cutting a hole in the door. ?
A thought of
B came on
C gave up
D handed out?
13 John talked over the new job with his wife. ?
A discussed
B mentioned
C accepted
D rejected?
14 Tom is still full of beans at 70. ?
A courageous
B kind
C energetic
D single?
15 It took me a whole hour to solve the problem. ?
A work at
B work on
C work out
D work over
第二部分：阅读判断(每题1分，共七分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。
Factors Influencing Marriage
The common view in social science of love relationships is not that opposites attract each other but that like attracts like. People fall in love with others who share their interests and tastes and whose personalities are similar. Hill, Rubin, and Peplau (176) found only slight support for this view. On a great many characteristics, couples were not alike. On others, couples were only somewhat alike. Couples did tend to be about the same age, to be equally good-looking, to have similar IQ scores, to be of the same religion, and to want the same number of children. But on each of these things, quite a few couples differed from one another. In fact, on only one question did most agree on:whether they were “in love”.
The early interviews failed to find that being alike was very important in bringing couples together. The follow-up interviews found that similarities were much more important in keeping couples together. Those who were together after two years were much more closely matched than couples who broke up, especially in terms of age, IQ, college plans, and looks. Thus, couples were much more likely to break up if one person was a lot smarter, better looking, or older. It is easy to imagine why these differences would matter. If one person is much smarter or more mature than the other, this could cause conflicts. If one person is much better looking, he or she will have more chances for other relationships.
Yet other things that would seem as important turned out not to matter. Those who stayed together differed not at all from those who broke up in how alike they were on religion, sex role ideas, beliefs about sex, idealism, or the number of children they wanted. Surely, one might suppose that marked differences in sex role attitudes could cause friction or that religious differences might lead to breakups. But there was no evidence of this.
In fact, conflict was not one of the main reasons people gave for breaking up. Most said they broke up because they got bored with the other person. Often this caused one of the pair to become interested in someone else, thus prompting the split. Perhaps surprisingly, the woman got involved with someone else far more often than the man. Also, women were much more likely to suggest a breakup than men, regardless of the grounds. However, people were more likely to remain friends after the breakup if the man asked for the split. This suggests that the male ego is more sensitive to rejection.
16 In a marriage, conflicts are often caused by the diversity of intelligence.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 Similarities within couples were most important in keeping couples together.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 Most couples are about the same age, to be equally goodlooking, to have similar IQ scores and so on.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 The religious differences are usually a big reason for breakups.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 Most people hold the view not that opposites attract each other but that like attracts like.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 If a couple divorce without much conflict, they are more likely to remain friends after the breakup.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 When one of the pair becomes interested in someone else, the marriage is most likely to break up.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 (每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。
Attention to the Details
1 Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do—especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. “It’s amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves, ”he says.
2 “Resumes(简历)arrive with stains. Some candidates don’t bother to spell the company’s name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate, ”Crossley concludes. “if they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?”
3 Can we pay too much attention to details?Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest for the trees, ”says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture. If they don’t, we should drop them and move to something else. ”
4 Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. “The Apollo moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time. ”says Garfield. “But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary. ”Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.
5 Too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break (机遇). But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.
23 Paragraph 1
24 Paragraph 3
25 Paragraph 4
26 Paragraph 5
A Don’t Be a Perfectionist.
B The Benefits of Knowing Where We Want to Go.
C Hard Work Plus Good Luck.
D The Outcomes of Our Efforts.
E The Importance of Attention to Detail.
F Constantly Asking Ourselves about Details.
27 Once I see a mistake, .
28 If the details don’t fit into the larger picture, .
29 A successful landing was still likely .
30 By doing little things with our efforts, .
A rarely is success so mysterious
B large rewards follow
C I eliminate the candidate
D We should drop them and move to something else
E judge the importance of every task
F because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal
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【摘要】目前备考2017年职称英语考试的考生在循序渐进的进行中。环球网校为考生整理了“2017年职称英语考试<综合类>冲刺练习1”，希望备考2017年职称英语考试的考生都能顺利通关，更多资料敬请关注网校职称英语考试频道……
第一部分：词汇选择(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15句子，每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. B.分析：借助划线短语中的基本词汇含义猜测短语可能的含义为“为了钱和爱”。而这四个备选答案中只有答案B (at any price/以任何代价)在基本用词上(price)与划线短语一致，而且在句意上也合理。该句含义是“某些流行书籍的首印版是无论如何也很难得到的。”
2. C.分析：该题考察与虚拟语气相关的常见动词。 recommend是“推荐”; order是“命令”; insist是“坚持”; demand 是“要求”;suggest 是“建议”。只有suggest与recommend语义相近，所以答案为C。
3. B. 分析：借助与划线词直接相关的搭配结构含义(..情况)判断B(艰苦的)。sincere是“真诚的”; hard是“艰苦的”; strict是“严肃的”; tight是“紧的”。
4. C.分析：借助句意(这座房子在风中..如磐石)判断答案C(稳固的)。exceptional adj
特别的;异常的; continuous adj.连续的, 持续的
5. D。 分析：借助联想法。画线词shine与常见词汇sunshine(阳光)有关。又因shine 的宾语是鞋子，所以推测shine 的含义与“使鞋子光亮”有关。所以polish(擦亮)D是答案。另外：lighten是“to make or become light or brighter/减轻(负担); 缓和, 使轻松, 使愉快，(使能发光的东西)变亮”，而wash是(洗); clean是(使干净)。
6. B.分析：借助句意(20世纪70年代初期当Barbara Jordan在参议院里任职的时候，他就支持有关禁止种族歧视和解决环境问题的立法)判断答案B(禁止)。Forbid(forbade; forbidden) vt.禁止，不准，不许;Handle vt拿;处理;应付;控制; Ban vt./n.(法律上)禁止
7.A. 分析：该句含义是“昨天在那家商店里为我服务的是一位美丽的女服务员”。attend to v. 倾听,关心, 照顾; wait on v.服侍, 招待
8. D.分析：annoying adj.恼人的, 讨厌的; Horrifying vt令人感到恐怖的; painful adj.疼痛的, 使痛苦的; disturbing adj.烦扰的
9. A.分析：借助句意(这些是我们这样做的..)判断A最合适。Motive n动机;目的; Target n.目标, 对象; 笑柄(for); argument n.争论, 辩论, 论据, 论点, ～ (for ,against); pursuit n.
追逐，追寻
10. A. 分析：根据搭配结构含义(..事件)判断A(控制)合适。该句含义是“成功的领导者是事先控制事件而不是事后才做反应”。 Contribute v.捐助, 捐献, 贡献, 投稿; convey vt.搬运, 传达; contact n.接触, 联系vt.接触, 联系
11. C. 分析：根据句意(这个例证是论据中的一个主要例证)判断C(主要的)合适。fundamental
adj.基础的, 基本的; impressive adj.给人深刻印象的; public n.公众adj.公众的, 公共的;slight adj.轻微的, 微小的
12. B. 分析：借助搭配结构“..on sth.”判断B(影响) 是答案。该句含义是“他们仍然在估测自动化对工厂工人生活的影响。”influence on../对..的影响; impact n.冲击, 影响, 效果
vt. 撞击, 压紧, 对...发生影响; impact也是通常和介词 on搭配(impact on..)，含义是“对..的影响”; passion 通常和介词for搭配，表示“对..的热爱”; affect vt.影响, 感动, 侵袭; pressure n.压, 压力, 电压
13. B. 分析：借助句意(在她做了手术后的一个月以后她终于有了好转(恢复了健康))判断B(好转)最合适。get along v.生活, 融洽相处, 进展; get on v.生活, 融洽相处, 进展; get out
v.出去, 离开, 逃脱, 泄露
14. 分析：D. 借助句子的句意(这位部长..委员会. )和被选项中的核心词含义判断D(charge
n.主管, 掌管)合适。on the verge of adv.接近于, 濒临于;on the basis of prep.以...为基础; at the cost of adv.以...为代价
15. A. 分析：该句含义是“她的话伤了我的感情。”结构“make + adj.”的含义是“使..怎样”。
第二部分：阅读判断(每题1分，共七分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑
1. B。 分析：利用题干中的hazardous作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子(Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. )，判断该句的含义(为了确认是否吸烟会造成健康危害，人们已经进行了大量的研究工作)与问题句的含义不一致。
2. A。 分析：利用该句句意判断该句说法正确，这样答案可能是正确或没提到。利用题干中的life expectancy作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子(Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.)，判断该句提到了“吸烟与寿命的缩短有关”，因此判断问题句的说法正确。
3. A。 分析：利用该句句意判断该句说法正确，这样答案可能是正确或没提到。利用题干中的lung cancer作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子(Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs)，该句提到“大多数研究者相信吸烟是造成肺癌的一个重要因素”，因此可见问题句的说法与原文内容一致。
4. C。分析：利用题干中的breast cancer作为答案线索词，没有在文章中找到包含该答案线索词的句子所以判断问题句的说法为“没提到”。
5. B。 分析： 利用题干中的黑体词作为答案线索词，这样找到答案相关句(Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.)，该句说“男性吸烟者得心脏病的概率要比男性非吸烟者高。 女性吸烟者被认为患心脏病的的可能性要低些，因为她们吸烟的时候不会把烟深深的吸入肺里”，由此可见问题句中说的“男性吸烟者由于心脏病而造成的死亡率要比女性吸烟者低”与文章内容不一致。
6. A。 分析：利用该句句意判断该句说法正确，这样答案可能是正确或没提到。利用题干中的Nicotine作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子(There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar(焦油))，确认该句的说法与原文一致。
7. B。 分析：利用题干中的Filters作为答案线索词，这样在文章中找到直接答案相关句(Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.)，该句说“过滤嘴只是稍许地减少了危险，并没有消除危险”，因此问题句说的“过滤嘴和低焦油香烟使吸烟更加安全”的说法与文章内容不一致。
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 (每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
2. D。 分析：该段落中没有明显的特征词/短语重复出现的特点，注意对特殊位置的句子句意进行分析，确认段落中心(第2句和第3句， 这两句都是祈使句，在教读者怎样去做，同时也反应了作者自己的观点—“首先安静下来”)，因此判断答案为D。
3.E.分析：段落中近义结构((the issues are made clear(问题被弄清楚) 和get his point across clearly(让他的观点被清楚地理解))的反复出现直接暗示段落中心E。
4. C。分析：段落中solution的重复出现，和段落第2句的特殊结构(祈使句)--揭示段落中心，共同揭示C是答案。
5. B。分析：根据段首句的句意(为了更好地应对老板， 很重要的一点是要考虑到老板的目标和他承受的压力)和段落中直接出现的结构“如果把你放在老板的位置上”，确认答案B。
6. B.分析：find out后需要跟宾语，而B，D，F都可以作宾语成分，在借助相关原文：Before you argue with your boss, check with the boss’s secretary to determine his mood(在你和老板争论之前，首先在老板的秘书那里弄清楚老板的情绪如何)判断B(他现在的感觉) 是答案。
7. D.分析：make clear(把。。表述清楚)后需要跟宾语，而D，F都可以作宾语成分，借助搭配句意(有必要向老板表达清楚你到底想对他谈些什么)选择答案D。
8.E. 分析：根据搭配句意(向老板提出一个问题却不建议怎样去解决这个问题，这样做是不明智的)和对文章大意的理解选择E(作状语)
9.C.分析：根据搭配句意(你必须考虑周全，考虑到老板可能遇到的问题)选择C(作定语)。
第四部分：阅读理解(每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第1篇
答案与题解：
1. A 从文章的第一段可以得知，美国整个国家的妇女卫生保健工作堪称不合格，只有
两个方面除外，其中之一便是牙科检查。
2. B 从文章的第二段可以得知，“Medicaid”是美国州与联邦政府为帮助穷人而制定的
卫生保险项目。
3. D 从文章的第三段可以得知，在美国，吸烟是头号杀手。
4. B 文章的第五段提到，妇女卫生保健计划为评价妇女健康状况提供了“道路图”。
5. C 文章的最后一段提到，立法者应当采取全面、长期的措施以满足妇女卫生保健方
面的需求。
第2篇
答案与题解：
1.D 第三段中“smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5
times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers."这是在谈论吸烟者患癌症的可能性(与不吸烟者相比分别增加到8.5倍和4倍)。
2.B 第一段中提到lip，tongue，mouth, throat四种，第二段中提到lung，esophagus，larynx
三种，共七种，第三段中的oral是对lip，tongue，mouth等的统称，不应再算做一种。
3.A 倒数第三段中的一句话概括了文章的中心，即“…cigars are not safe alternatives to
cigarettes and may be addictive.”
4.A 倒数第二段中医生的建议是“To those currently smoking cigars.quitting is the only
way to eliminate completely the cancer…”，即完全放弃。
5. D 二手吸烟，即我们所说的被动吸烟，最后一段中的“nonsmokers at cigar social
events”提示了这一情骨。
第3篇
答案与题解：
1.C作者在第二段中认为，任何人种不管落后与否都有语言。文中的原句是：There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language…
2.A此题的答案来自第三段。
3.B 作者例举美国印第安人的语言的目的是证明这些语言和一些著名的语言一样先进。原句是：They are certainly different from the languages that most of US are familiar with，but they are no more primitive than English and Greek.
4.D D项的说法是错误的，因为作者在文章中的观点是不同的语言没有好与坏的差别。原句参照题解3。
5. C词汇是语言中最容易发生变化的部分。文中的原句是：Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.
第五部分：补全短文(每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放会文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置。
The first four moniutes
1. D. 分析：空格前后句中出现了代词的呼应-- this advice--- that，再结合句意判断空格处出现表意为“建议”的句子可能性最大，结合被选项的内容和用词判断D是答案。考点：语意平行结构中的观点句/概括总结句。
2. E.分析：后句中的句意在对具体细节进行描述，句子中代词this的出现，暗示前句中出现的this指代的内容。判断E是答案。考点：举例分析句/细节描述句。
3. A. 分析：空格后句中出现了代词We，而被选项中只有A和C中有代词与We呼应。但A中还有changing our social habits与空格后句中的 become accustomed to any changes在语意上呼应，所以答案是A。
4. B. 分析：前文中出现了“关于如何‘对待陌生人’的描述”，而且在下文中提到了“家庭成员(husband and wife or a parent and child)”，因此判断B是答案。
5. C. 分析：后句中的代词we在C中才有呼应的代词，而且在文章最后出现观点句是通常论述文的发展特点，因此判断C正确。考点：文章中的总结概括句/观点句。
第六部分：完型填空 (每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. A 从文章题目中的“passive smoking”和接下来的“second-hand smoke”等词语中不难看出，此处应选“passive”一词。
2. A 从文章题目中的“workplace killer”可以断定，此处应选“kills”一词。
3. C 前面已经提到过“二手烟”，因此，此处显然应选“吸烟”。
4. D 从之前的“七百人死于癌症”和之后的“中风”可以看出，此处要表达的是心脏病。
5.B 文章第一段中已经出现过“服务行业”这一词语，因此，此处也就不难作出选择。
6.B 此处要表达的意思应是与吸烟者生活在一起，因此只能选“with”。
7.A Jamrozik是名研究人员，因此这里要说的是其他研究人员。
8.B、此处要表达的意思是：他的研究结果是基于……得出的。
9.D 显然，此处要表示的是死于二手烟的危险。
10.B 句子接下来提到，欧洲的吸烟状况与美国的吸烟状况基本上差不多，因此，此处应选“大多数”一词。
11.C “to a greater or lesser extent”是一种固定用法。 .
12.D 前面一直在谈服务行业雇员遭受吸烟危害的情况，因此，此处要表达的意思是公共场所。
13.A 从文章前面的内容可以得知，在公共场所吸烟对服务行业雇员的身体健康造成很大危害，因此，此处应选一个表示“危害”程度的副词。
14.C 从句子前面的“not only”便可以推断，此处应选“also”。
15.B 文章前面已经多次提到“公共场所”一词，因此，此处的选择也就不难了。
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