短信预约提醒成功
由于英汉文化存在许多差异,因此英语中某些文化词语在汉语中根本就没有对等词,形成了词义上的空缺。在这种情况下,英译汉时常常要采用加注法来弥补空缺。加注通常可以用来补充诸如背景材料、词语起源等相关信息,便于读者理解。加注法可分为音译加注和直译加注两种。
音译加注指音译后附加解释性注释。注释可长可短,可采用文中注释,也可采用脚注,还可二者合用。例如:
cartoon 卡通片
Hamburger 汉堡包
Benz 奔驰车
clone 克隆(一种无性繁殖方法)
sauna 桑那浴(源于芬兰的一种蒸汽浴)
hacker 黑客(在信息空间中主动出击,对他人的电脑或网络系统进行诸如窥探、篡改或盗窃保密的数据及程序的过程,并可能由此造成混乱和破坏的电脑迷)
El Nino 厄尔尼诺(现象)(指严重影响全球气候的太平洋热带海域的大风及海水的大规模移动)
Bunsen 本生灯(一种煤气灯)
AIDS 爱滋病(一种性免疫缺损综合症)
(1) Hygeia herself would have fallen sick under such a regimen; and how much more this poor old nervous victim?
按照这样的养生之道,别说这可怜的老太太了,就连健康女神哈奇亚*也会害病。
*哈奇亚是希腊神话中的健康女神。
(2) Big Ben is ringing the hour.大本钟*在当当报时。
*伦敦英国议院塔上的大钟。
(3) Pizza is my son's favorite American food. 比萨饼是我儿子最喜欢的美国食品。
(4) New York was never Mecca to me.纽约从不是我心中的圣地麦加。
(5) Like a son of Bachus, he can drink up two bottles of whisky at a breath.
他简直像酒神巴赫斯的儿子,能一口气喝光两瓶威士忌。
*巴赫斯是古希腊神话中的酒神。
(6) Say you shoot a video that you think is particularly artsy. Beam it out and make a small fortune by charging an untold number of viewers a fee for watching. Peter Jennings would be obsolete.
你拍了一部自认为特别有艺术价值的电视片,那就将此片对外播放,并通过向无数的观众收费挣点钱。这样人们就不再需要著名的新闻播音员彼特?杰宁斯了。.
(7)He saw himself, in a smart suit, bowed into the opulent suites of Ritzes.
他发现自己身着漂亮的礼服,被恭恭敬敬地引进了像里兹饭店*一般的豪华旅馆的客房里下榻。
*里兹饭店原为瑞士人里兹(1850-1919)开设,以豪华著称。
(8)A dead leaf fell in Soapy's lap. That was Jack Frost's card.
一片枯叶飘落到苏贝的膝头。那是杰克?弗罗斯特*的名片。
*杰克?弗罗斯特(Jack Frost)是英文里对"寒霜"的拟人称号。
(9)"It is true that the enemy won the battle, but theirs is but a Pyrrhic victory," said the General.
将军说:"敌人确实赢得了战斗,但他们的胜利只是皮洛士的胜利*,得不偿失。"
*皮洛士(Pyrrhus)是古希腊伊庇鲁斯国王,曾率兵至意大利与罗马交战,付出惨重代价,打败罗马军队,由此即以"皮洛士式的胜利"一词来借喻惨重的代价。
(10)Nancy Reagan, and not George Gallup, may well have the final say.
拥有最后发言权的,并非乔治?盖洛普*民意测验,而是南希?里根。
*乔治?盖洛普(1901- )为美国统计学家。他发明的民意测验方法在西方广为流行。他的名字"盖洛普"也就成了这种测验方法的通称。
(11)You look like AL-Capone in that suit.
你穿上那套衣服,看上去就像个流氓阿尔?卡彭*了。
*阿尔?卡彭是美国历史上一著名歹徒,芝加哥犯罪集团的一首领。
(12) Big Ben is ringing the hour.
大本钟*在当当报时。
*伦敦英国议院塔上的大钟。
(13) It is always inspiring to see a brave man fighting for a lost cause, and I never cease to admire the Jacobitish zeal with which year after year Mr. John Ervine carries on a guerrilla war-fare against the ever-increasing power of tobacco.
看勇敢的人为一种无望的事业而奋斗总令人鼓舞。我心里一直钦佩约翰?欧文先生年复一年地以斯图亚特王朝拥护者的热忱,进行游击战般的战斗,来对抗日益增强的烟草势力。
*Jacobitish系Jacobite的形容词形式,指1688年被迫退位的英王JamesII的拥护者,James II王室即所谓的 House of Stuart(斯图亚特王室)
(14) He slipped out of the State Department and crossed the Potomac to Arlington, Virginia, where the civil
ceremony took place.
他偷偷溜出了国务院,渡过波托马克河到弗吉尼亚州的阿林顿县,在那里举行了公民结婚仪式。
直译加注指直译原文,并附加解释性注释。注释可长可短,既可采用文中注释,也可采用脚注,还可二者合用。例如:
Big Apple 大苹果(纽约的别称)
mad-cow disease 疯牛病(牛海绵状脑病)
Oval Office 椭圆形办公室(美国白宫总统办公室)
Desert Storm 沙漠风暴(1991年美国领导的多国部队对伊拉克实施的军事打击行动)
(1)It was Friday *and soon they'd go out and get drunk.
星期五发薪日到了,他们马上就要上街去喝得酩酊大醉。
*星期五[Friday]为英国的发薪日。如不解释,译入语读者就不会明白英国人为什么要在这一天上街去大吃大喝。
(2)While it may seem to be painting the lily, I should like to add somewhat to Mr.Alistair Cooke's excellent article.
我想给阿利斯太尔?库克先生的杰作稍加几笔,尽管这也许是为百合花上色,费力不讨好。
*在西方人眼里,百合花是高贵、贞洁、美丽的象征,故为百合花上色自然是做徒劳无益之事。
(3) Even before they were acquainted, he had admired Osborn in secret. Now he was his valet, his dog, his man Friday.
他没有认识奥斯本之前,已经暗暗佩服他。如今便成了他的听差,他的狗,他的忠仆星期五*.
*星期五(Friday)是《鲁滨逊漂流记》故事中Robinson Crusoe的忠实奴仆。
(4)The man who waters his grass after a good rain is carrying coals to Newcastle.
刚下一场及时雨,那人却又为草坪浇水,真是把煤运到纽卡斯尔,多此一举。
*纽卡斯尔:英国煤都。
(5)I am as poor as Job, my lord, but not so patient.
我象约伯一样穷的,大人,可是却没有他那样的好耐心。
*在《圣经》中,约伯以忍耐贫穷著称。
(6) "Oh! Tell us about her. Auntie," cried imogen. " I can just remember her. She's the skeleton in the family cupboard, isn't she?"
"哦,给我们讲一讲她的事儿吧,好姑姑,"伊莫根嚷嚷道,"我几乎记不得她了,她是咱们家衣橱里的骷髅,丑得见不得人,是吗?"
(7) The May-day dance, for instance, was to be discerned on the afternoon under notice, in the disguise of the club revel, or "club-walking" as it was there called.
譬如现在所讲的那个下午里,就可以看出五朔节舞*旧风以联欢会(或者像本地的叫法-游行会)的形式出现。
*五朔节舞:英国风俗,五月一日奏乐吹号,采取树枝、野花、装饰门窗,在草地上竖起五朔柱,围柱跳舞,并选举五朔后。此风古时极盛,现在穷乡僻壤依然可见。
(8) The question she flunked on was: "What is the Constitution of the United States?" The answer she gave was: "A boat."
她答错的一道题是:"美国宪法*是什么? 她的回答却是"一条船。"
*the Constitution of the United States指美国宪法,但它也是美国历史上著名战舰"宪法号"的英文名字。
(9) 'When we alighted at this door, a dispute arose with the driver of the cabriolet-'. A loud scream from his wife, at the mention of this word, rendered all further explanation inaudible.
"我们在门口下车的时候,跟那单马双轮车*车夫发生了一点争执,"说到单马双轮车的时候,他的妻子发出了一声又高又尖的叫唤,使得下面的解释都听不见了。
*单马双轮车是出租马车里"最没有派头"的,所以说不得。(译文在此采用脚注,解释了为什么一听到cabriolet,他的妻子就会发出一声尖叫。在19世纪的英国,只有地位低贱的人才会坐这种马车。在这儿,丈夫不慎说漏了嘴,爱好虚荣的妻子觉得蒙受了耻辱。)
(10)All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our life-time on the planet.
所有这一切都不会在第一个一百天*内完成, 也不会在第一个一千天内完成,不会在本届政府内完成,甚至也不会在我们这一辈子完成。
*原指美国总统福兰克林?罗斯福执政后推行""的第一个一百天。
(11) At all events the war has done one good thing for us. It's smashed up the power of the aristocracy. The Boer War started it, and 1914 put the lid on.
不管怎样,战争还是为我们做了一件好事,就是把贵族势力一扫而光。布尔战争开始对它有所触动,而1914年的世界大战终于使它荡然无存。
*布尔战争:1899-1902年英国人与布尔人之间的战争。