2021年翻译专业资格考试备考：《孙子兵法》重点例句英译精编

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《孙子兵法》是中国现存最早的兵书，也是世界上最早的军事著作。因其内容博大精深，思想精邃富赡，逻辑缜密严谨，被誉为中国古代兵学殿堂的奠基石，与普鲁士军事理论家卡尔·冯·克劳塞维茨创作的《战争论》合称“世界兵学双璧”。我们从书中选取了一批中英文重点例句，和大家分享。

1.故曰：知彼知己者，百战不殆;不知彼而知己，一胜一负;不知彼不知己，每战必殆。【白话文】所以说，既了解敌人，又了解自己，百战都不会有危险;不了解敌人而了解自己，胜与负的可能各有一半，不了解敌人也不了解自己的，每次用兵都会有失败的危险。

【英译】Therefore, my advice is: If you know your enemy and know yourself, you will be safe in every battle; if you do not know your enemy but know yourself, your chances of winning and losing will be equal; if you are ignorant of both your enemy and yourself, you will be endangered in every encounter.

2.孙子曰：兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。【白话文】孙子说：战争是国家的大事，是军民生死的主宰，关乎国家的存亡，不能不认真地考察研究。因此，必须通过对敌我五个方面情况去分析，从敌我七个方面的得失去比较，来取得对战争情势的正确认识。这五个方面一是道，二是天，三是地，四是将，五是法。

【英译】Sunzi said: War is a matter of the utmost importance to the state. Life or death hinges on it; it is the road to survival or extinction. It is something that must definitely not be neglected.To do this, it is necessary to examine each war situation from five angles to be taken into account in one's strategic deliberations: Morale, Weather, Terrain, Leadership and Discipline.

3.孙子曰：昔之善战者，先为不可胜，以待敌之可胜。不可胜在己，可胜在敌。故善战者，能为不可胜，不能使敌之可胜。故曰：胜可知，而不可为。【白话文】孙子说：从前善于用兵打仗的人，先要创造条件使自己立于不败之地，然后捕捉时机战胜敌人。不会被敌人战胜的主动权掌握在自己手中，能否战胜敌人则取决于敌人是否有隙可乘。所以，善于作战的人，能够创造不被敌人战胜的条件，但却不一定能够做到必定战胜敌人，所以说，胜利可以预知，但是不可强求。

【英译】Sunzi said: The skilled warriors of old first made themselves invincible, and then waited for the enemy to bring defeat upon himself. Invincibility depends on oneself, but the enemy’s vulnerability depends upon the enemy himself. Consequently, those skilled in warfare can make themselves invincible, but cannot make the enemy vulnerable. So it can be said that the way to victory can be known in advance, but victory itself cannot be assured.

4.孙子曰：凡治众如治寡，分数是也;斗众如斗寡，形名是也;三军之众，可使必受敌而无败者，奇正是也;兵之所加，如以碫投卵者，虚实是也。【白话文】孙子说：管理大部队如同管理小部队一样，这属于军队的组织编制问题;指挥大部队作战如同指挥小部队作战一样，这属于指挥号令问题;整个部队遭到敌人的进攻而没有溃散，这属于“奇正”战术的变化问题;军队对敌实施打击，如同以石击卵一样，这属于“避实击虚”原则的正确运用问题。

【英译】Sunzi said: In principle, managing a large force is the same as managing a small one; it is a matter of organization. Fighting against a large force is no different from fighting against a small one; it is a matter of command signals. An army should be able to repulse any all-out attack, by a combination of "surprise and expectation." Your men should advance like a millstone crushing an egg. That is how the weak overcome the strong.

5.孙子曰：凡先处战地而待敌者佚，后处战地而趋战者劳。故善战者，致人而不致于人。【白话文】孙子说：通常作战时，率先占据战地，就从容不迫，以逸待劳;假若后进入战地，则仓促应战，疲劳被动。所以善于指挥作战的人，总是能够调动敌人而不被敌人所调动。

【英译】Sunzi said: He who arrives first at the field of combat may await the enemy relaxed and prepared. He who arrives later and has to rush into battle is weary. Therefore, one who is skilled in warfare draws the enemy to him, and does not allow the enemy to draw him to an engagement.

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