2021年翻译专业资格考试备考：《道德经》重点例句英译精编

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《道德经》是中国历史上最重要的经典著作之一，文本以哲学意义之“道德”为纲宗，内容涵盖哲学、伦理学、政治学、军事学等诸多学科，是中国第一部完整的哲学著作。在世界各国经典名著中，《道德经》是被翻译成最多种语言、发行量最大的传世经典。我们从书中选取了一批中英文重点例句，和大家分享。

1.《道德经》共八十一章，包括《道经》三十七章，《德经》四十四章，是春秋时期老子所作， 所以也称作《老子》。Tao Te Ching consists of eighty-one chapters-thirty-seven chapters of the Classic of the Dao, and forty-four of the Classic of the De. It was written by Laozi of the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476), and so it is also called The Laozi.

2.“道”是老子哲学的最重要的概念，是其基础理论。老子认为，“道”是天地万物的本源，虽然是抽象的，但却是真实的存在。“Dao”-the Way-is the most important concept in Laozi's philosophy. It is his basic theory. Laozi regarded the Way as the wellspring of everything in the universe, which, despite being abstract, was nevertheless a definite existence.

3.老子生活在春秋末期，社会已经无法回到“小国寡民”的状态，当时的社会也比较混乱，弱肉强食的现象经常发生。Society in the closing years of the Spring and Autumn Period, when Laozi lived, had no way of returning to the situation of “small states with scanty populations.” In those days society was in turmoil, with frequent outbreaks of the strong “gobbling up” the weak.

4.道可道，非常道;名可名，非常名。无，名天地之始;有，名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙;常有，欲以观其徼(jiào)。此两者同出而异名，同谓之玄。玄之又玄，众妙之门。【白话文】道，若是可以言辞表述出来的，就不是永恒的道了。名，若是可以言辞表达出来的，就不是永恒的名了。“无”这个词，是用来表述天地的本源的;“有”这个词，是用来表述万物的母体的。所以，可以常常从“无”中观照道的微妙，从“有”中观照道的存在的边际。“有”和“无”这两者都是出于“道”，而称谓不同，都是幽深微妙的。幽深而又幽深，是一切微妙的门径。

【英译】The way that can be explained is not the Unchanging Way. The name that can be named is not the Unchanging Name. The Void is the name of the beginning of the universe. Existence is the name of the mother of all things. Therefore, it is in the constant Void that we must look for the wonders of the universe, for in the constant Existence we can find only its limits. Both these aspects are different but can be called Profound. But they are more Profound than the Profound. And therein lies the Gateway to All Marvels.

5.天下皆知美之为美，斯恶已;皆知善之为善，斯不善已。故有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相盈，音声相和，前后相随。【白话文】(美和丑，善和不善，都是相对而言的)天下如果都知道美之所以为美，丑的概念就产生了;如果都知道善之所以为善，不善的概念也就产生了。所以有与无，难与易是互相形成的，长与短，高与下是相互显现的，口中所发的声响与耳中听到的声响是相互响应的，前与后也是相依相随的。

【英译】It is because beauty exists that everyone knows what ugliness is. It is because kindness exists that everyone knows what unkindness is. Existence and the void spring forth together. The difficult and the easy complement each other. The long and the short shape each other. The high and the low fulfill each other. Sounds and the reception of them together produce harmony. Before and after accompany each other.

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